Concepts inConsistent hashing and random trees: distributed caching protocols for relieving hot spots on the World Wide Web

Distributed cache

In computing, a distributed cache is an extension of the traditional concept of cache used in a single locale. A distributed cache may span multiple servers so that it can grow in size and in transactional capacity. It is mainly used to store application data residing in database and web session data.  more from Wikipedia

Consistent hashing

Consistent hashing is a special kind of hashing. In contrast, in most traditional hash tables, a change in the number of array slots causes nearly all keys to be remapped. By using consistent hashing, only keys need to be remapped on average, where is the number of keys, and is the number of slots. Consistent hashing could play an increasingly important role as internet use increases and as distributed systems grow more prevalent.  more from Wikipedia

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web, or the "Information Superhighway"), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia, and navigate between them via hyperlinks.  more from Wikipedia

Cryptographic protocol

A security protocol (cryptographic protocol or encryption protocol) is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods. A protocol describes how the algorithms should be used. A sufficiently detailed protocol includes details about data structures and representations, at which point it can be used to implement multiple, interoperable versions of a program.  more from Wikipedia