Concepts inThe Monty Python method for generating random variables

Random variate

A random variate is a particular outcome of a random variable: the random variates which are other outcomes of the same random variable would have different values. Random variates are used when simulating processes driven by random influences.  more from Wikipedia

Random variable

In probability and statistics, a random variable or stochastic variable is a variable whose value is subject to variations due to chance (i.e. randomness, in a mathematical sense). As opposed to other mathematical variables, a random variable conceptually does not have a single, fixed value (even if unknown); rather, it can take on a set of possible different values, each with an associated probability.  more from Wikipedia

Normal distribution

In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a continuous probability distribution that has a bell-shaped probability density function, known as the Gaussian function or informally the bell curve: The parameter μ is the mean or expectation (location of the peak) and σ is the variance. σ is known as the standard deviation. The distribution with μ = 0 and σ = 1 is called the standard normal distribution or the unit normal distribution.  more from Wikipedia

Uniform distribution (continuous)

In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distribution or rectangular distribution is a family of probability distributions such that for each member of the family, all intervals of the same length on the distribution's support are equally probable. The support is defined by the two parameters, a and b, which are its minimum and maximum values. The distribution is often abbreviated U(a,b).  more from Wikipedia

Monte Carlo method

Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. Monte Carlo methods are often used in computer simulations of physical and mathematical systems. These methods are most suited to calculation by a computer and tend to be used when it is infeasible to compute an exact result with a deterministic algorithm. This method is also used to complement theoretical derivations.  more from Wikipedia

Randomness

Randomness has somewhat differing meanings as used in various fields. It also has common meanings which are connected to the notion of predictability (or lack thereof) of events. The Oxford English Dictionary defines 'random' as "Having no definite aim or purpose; not sent or guided in a particular direction; made, done, occurring, etc. , without method or conscious choice; haphazard.  more from Wikipedia

Cartesian coordinate system

A Cartesian coordinate system specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances from the point to two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference line is called a coordinate axis or just axis of the system, and the point where they meet is its origin, usually at ordered pair (0,0).  more from Wikipedia

Integer

The integers are formed by the natural numbers (including 0) together with the negatives of the non-zero natural numbers (−1, −2, −3, ...). Viewed as a subset of the real numbers, they are numbers that can be written without a fractional or decimal component, and fall within the set {... , −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...}. For example, 21, 4, and � are integers; 9.75, 5½, and √2 are not integers. The set of all integers is often denoted by a boldface Z, which stands for Zahlen.  more from Wikipedia