Abstract
This article presents So-Grid, a set of bio-inspired algorithms tailored to the decentralized construction of a Grid information system that features adaptive and self-organization characteristics. Such algorithms exploit the properties of swarm systems, in which a number of entities/agents perform simple operations at the local level, but together engender an advanced form of swarm intelligence at the global level. In particular, So-Grid provides two main functionalities: logical reorganization of resources, inspired by the behavior of some species of ants and termites that move and collect items within their environment, and resource discovery, inspired by the mechanisms through which ants searching for food sources are able to follow the pheromone traces left by other ants. These functionalities are correlated, since an intelligent dissemination can facilitate discovery. In the Grid environment, a number of ant-like agents autonomously travel the Grid through P2P interconnections and use biased probability functions to: (i) replicate resource descriptors in order to favor resource discovery; (ii) collect resource descriptors with similar characteristics in nearby Grid hosts; (iii) foster the dissemination of descriptors corresponding to fresh (recently updated) resources and to resources having high quality of service (QoS) characteristics. Simulation analysis shows that the So-Grid replication algorithm is capable of reducing the entropy of the system and efficiently disseminating content. Moreover, as descriptors are progressively reorganized and replicated, the So-Grid discovery algorithm allows users to reach Grid hosts that store information about a larger number of useful resources in a shorter amount of time. The proposed approach features characteristics, including self-organization, scalability and adaptivity, which make it useful for a dynamic and partially unreliable distributed system.
- Aktas, M. S., Fox, G. C., and Pierce, M. 2007. Fault tolerant high performance information services for dynamic collections of grid and Web services. Fut. Gen. Comput. Syst. 23, 3, 317--337. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Andrzejak, A. and Xu, Z. 2002. Scalable, efficient range queries for grid information services. In Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P'02). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 33--40. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Babaoglu, O., Meling, H., and Montresor, A. 2002. Anthill: A framework for the development of agent-based peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 15--22. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Barabási, A.-L. and Albert, R. 1999. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286, 5439 (Oct.), 509--512.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Bonabeau, E., Dorigo, M., and Theraulaz, G. 1999. Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Camazine, S., Franks, N. R., Sneyd, J., Bonabeau, E., Deneubourg, J.-L., and Theraula, G. 2001. Self-Organization in Biological Systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Cao, J. 2004. Self-organizing agents for grid load balancing. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing GRID'04. IEEE Computer Society, Pittsburgh, 388--395. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Chakravarti, A. J., Baumgartner, G., and Lauria, M. 2005. The organic grid: self-organizing computation on a peer-to-peer network. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cyber. Part A 35, 3, 373--384. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Cheema, A. S., Muhammad, M., and Gupta, I. 2005. Peer-to-peer discovery of computational resources for grid applications. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing. Seattle, WA, 179--185. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Cohen, E. and Shenker, S. 2002. Replication strategies in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. In Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Data Communication (ACM SIGCOMM'02). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Crespo, A. and Garcia-Molina, H. 2002. Routing indices for peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02). 23--33. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Dasgupta, P. 2004. Intelligent agent enabled peer-to-peer search using ant-based heuristics. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'04). 351--357.Google Scholar
- Deneubourg, J. L., Goss, S., Franks, N., Sendova-Franks, A., Detrain, C., and Chrétien, L. 1990. The dynamics of collective sorting robot-like ants and ant-like robots. In Proceedings of From Animals to Animats: The First International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 356--363. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Erdil, D. C., Lewis, M. J., and Abu-Ghazaleh, N. 2005. An adaptive approach to information dissemination in self-organizing grids. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS'06). Silicon Valley, CA. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Forestiero, A., Mastroianni, C., and Spezzano, G. 2005. Construction of a peer-to-peer information system in grids. In Self-Organization and Autonomic Informatics (I), H. Czap, R. Unland, C. Branki, and H. Tianfield, Eds. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 135. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 220--236. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Forestiero, A., Mastroianni, C., and Spezzano, G. 2006. An agent based semi-informed protocol for resource discovery in grids. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science(4) (ICCS'06). 1047--1054. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Foster, I. and Kesselman, C. 2003. The Grid 2: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Grasse', P. 1959. La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations inter-individuelles chez belicositermes natalensis et cubitermes sp. la thorie de la stigmergie: Essai d'interpretation du comportement des termites constructeurs. Insectes Sociaux 6, 41--84.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Iamnitchi, A. and Foster, I. 2003. On death, taxes, and the convergence of peer-to-peer and grid computing. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS'03). Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
- Iamnitchi, A. and Foster, I. 2005. Interest-aware information dissemination in small-world communities. In Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, (HPDC). Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Iamnitchi, A., Foster, I., Weglarz, J., Nabrzyski, J., Schopf, J., and Stroinski, M. 2003. A peer-to-peer approach to resource location in grid environments. In Grid Resource Management. Kluwer Publishing. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kronfol, A. Z. 2002. FASD: A Fault-tolerant, Adaptive, Scalable, Distributed Search Engine. PhD dissertation, at http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/571354.html.Google Scholar
- Lv, Q., Cao, P., Cohen, E., Li, K., and Shenker, S. 2002. Search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS'02). ACM Press, New York, NY, 84--95. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Martin, M., Chopard, B., and Albuquerque, P. 2002. Formation of an ant cemetery: Swarm intelligence or statistical accident? Fut. Gen. Comput. Syst. 18, 7, 951--959. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Montresor, A., Meling, H., and Montresor, A. 2002. Messor: Load-balancing through a swarm of autonomous agents. In International Workshop on Agents and Peer-to-Peer Computing. Bologna, Italy. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Padmanabhan, A., Wang, S., Ghosh, S., and Briggs, R. 2005. A self-organized grouping (sog) method for efficient grid resource discovery. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing. Seattle, WA. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Petersen, K., Spreitzer, M. J., Terry, D. B., Theimer, M. M., and Demers, A. J. 1997. Flexible update propagation for weakly consistent replication. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP'97). ACM Press, New York, NY, 288--301. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ran, S. 2003. A model for Web services discovery with qos. ACM SIGecom Exch. 4, 1, 1--10. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Schopf, J. M., D'Arcy, M., Miller, N., Pearlman, L., Foster, I., and Kesselman, C. 2005. Monitoring and discovery in a Web services framework: Functionality and performance of the globus toolkit's mds4. Tech. Rep. ANL/MCS-P1248-0405, Argonne National Laboratory. April.Google Scholar
- Sharma, P., Estrin, D., Floyd, S., and Jacobson, V. 1997. Scalable timers for soft state protocols. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, (INFOCOM'97). Vol. 1. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 222--229. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, M. F., and Balakrishnan, H. 2001. Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for Internet applications. In Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (SIGCOMM'01). ACM Press, New York, NY, 149--160. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Sycara, K. 1998. Multiagent systems. Artif. Intell. Mag. 10, 2, 79--93.Google Scholar
- Taylor, I. J. 2004. From P2P to Web Services and Grids: Peers in a Client/Server World. Springer.Google Scholar
- The Globus Alliance. 2007. The Web services resource framework, http://www.globus.org/wsrf/.Google Scholar
- Trunfio, P., Talia, D., Papadakis, H., Fragopoulou, P., Mordacchini, M., Pennanen, M., Popov, K., Vlassov, V., and Haridi, S. 2007. Peer-to-peer resource discovery in grids: Models and systems. Fut. Gen. Comput. Syst. 23, 7 (Aug.), 864--878. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Tsoumakos, D. and Roussopoulos, N. 2003a. Adaptive probabilistic search for peer-to-peer networks. In Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on P2P Computing (P2P'03). 102--109. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Tsoumakos, D. and Roussopoulos, N. 2003b. A comparison of peer-to-peer search methods. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on the Web and Databases (WebDB'03). San Diego, CA, 61--66.Google Scholar
- Van Dyke Parunak, H., Brueckner, S., Matthews, R. S., and Sauter, J. A. 2005. Pheromone learning for self-organizing agents. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cyber. Part A 35, 3, 316--326. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Vu, L.-H., Hauswirth, M., and Aberer, K. 2005. QoS-based service selection and ranking with trust and reputation management. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS'05), 31 Oct.--4 Nov. 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus. Vol. 3760. 446--483. Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
So-Grid: A self-organizing Grid featuring bio-inspired algorithms
Recommendations
Ant colony optimization inspired resource discovery in P2P Grid systems
It is a challenge for the traditional centralized or hierarchical Grid architecture to manage the large-scale and dynamic resources, while providing scalability. The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model offers a prospect of dynamicity, scalability, and availability ...
Discovering Grid Resources and Deploying Grid Services Using Peer-to-Peer Technologies
WAINA '09: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications WorkshopsIn this paper, an approach to discover Grid resources and to deploy Grid services based on peer-to-peer technologies is presented. It allows finding nodes in a Gridbased on flexible queries, and to add or remove nodes to or from groups. An ...
Designing an information system for Grids: Comparing hierarchical, decentralized P2P and super-peer models
As deployed Grids increase from 10s to 1000s of nodes, the construction of an efficient and scalable information system is a key issue, as it is vital for providing querying and discovery services. Today most Grids adopt a centralized or hierarchical ...






Comments