skip to main content
research-article

Towards attention-centered interfaces: An aesthetic evaluation of perspective with eye tracking

Published:18 September 2008Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

The established method of representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface involves camera based, point of regard systems, comparable in design to the early “camera obscura”. However, geometrical limitations of such models lead to distortions of perspective when projected. This research investigated the influence of single- versus multi-perspectives on aesthetic choices within one image. A clear perceptual bias towards multi-perspective images was found, additionally supported by an eye tracking study. We propose that human users are more attracted by multi-perspective images, which emphasise the “semantic foci” of the scene, than by those being synthesized statically with only one geometrical prospect.

References

  1. Agrawala, M., Zorin, D., and Munzner, T. 2000. Artistic multiprojection rendering. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000 (London, UK). Springer-Verlag, New York, 125--136. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Angel, E. 1997. Interactive Computer Graphics—A top-down approach with OpenGL. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Arnheim, R. 1998. The Power of Center: A Study of Composition in the Visual Arts. The Regents of the University of California, Berkeley, CA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Dodge, R. 1900. Visual perception during eye movement. Psych. Rev. 7, 454--465.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  5. Edgerton, S. Y. 1975. The Renaissance Rediscovery of Linear Perspective. Basic Books, New York, NY.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Findlay, J. M. and Gilchrist, I. D. 2003. Active Vision: The Psychology of Looking and Seeing. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Foley, J. D. 1999. Computer Graphics—Principles and Practice. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Franke, I. S., Rieger, R., and Zavesky, M. 2005. The power of frustum. Neue Medien in der Informationsgesellschaft 2, 309--317.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. Franke, I. S., Zavesky, M., and Dachselt, R. 2007. Learning from painting: Perspective-dependent geometry deformation for perceptual realism. In IPT-EGVE Symposium. IPT-EGVE, 117--120.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Groh, R. 2000. Romanik interaktiv. In Vom Realismus der Bilder. Interdisziplinaere Forschungen zur Syntax bildlicher Darstellungsformen, K. Sachs-Hombach and K. Rehkaemper, Eds. Scriptum Verlag, Magdeburg, Germany.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Groh, R. 2005. Das Interaktionsbild—Theorie und Methodik der Interfacegestaltung. TUDpress, Dresden, Germany.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Groh, R., Franke, I. S., and Zavesky, M. 2006. With a painter's eye: An approach to an intelligent camera. In The Virtual. Stockholm, Sweden.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Itti, L., Koch, C., and Niebur, E. 1998. A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20, 11, 1254--1259. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Jokela, T., Iivari, N., Matero, J., and Karukka, M. 2003. The standard of user-centered design and the standard definition of usability: Analyzing iso 13407 against iso 9241-11. In CLIHC '03: Proceedings of the Latin American Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. ACM, New York, 53--60. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Klotz, H. 1990. Filippo Brunelleschi: The Early Works and the Medieval Tradition. Rizzoli Intl Pubns, Stuttgart, Germany.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Koenderink, J. J. and van Doorn, A. J. 2003. Pictorial space. In Looking into Pictures: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Pictorial Space, R. S. H. Hecht and M. Atherton, Eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Levoy, M. and Whitaker, R. 1990. Gaze-directed volume rendering. In SI3D '90: Proceedings of the 1990 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics. ACM, New York, 217--223. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Palmer, S. E. 1999. Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Puolamaeki, K., Salojaervi, J., Savia, E., Simola, J., and Kaski, S. 2005. Combining eye movements and collaborative filtering for proactive information retrieval. In SIGIR '05: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. ACM, New York, 146--153. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Rademacher, P. and Bishop, G. 1998. Multiple-center-of-projection images. In SIGGRAPH '98: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM, New York, 199--206. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Rauber, T. 1993. Algorithmen in der Computergrafik. B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart, Germany.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Roman, A., Garg, G., and Levoy, M. 2004. Interactive design of multi-perspective images for visualizing urban landscapes. In VIS '04: Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization '04 (Washington, DC). IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 537--544. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Torralba, A., Oliva, A., Castelhano, M. S., and Henderson, J. M. 2006. Contextual guidance of eye movements and attention in real-world scenes: The role of global features in object search. Psych. Rev. 113, 4, 766--786.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  24. Velichkovsky, B. M. 2002. Heterarchy of cognition: The depths and the highs of a framework for memory research. Memory 10, 5-6, 405--419.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  25. Velichkovsky, B. M. and Hansen, J. P. 1996. New technological windows into mind: There is more in eyes and brains for human-computer interaction. In CHI '96: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New York, 496--503. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. von Helmholtz, H. 1867. Handbuch der physiologischen Optik. Voss, Leipzig, Germany.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Watt, A. 1993. 3D Computer Graphics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Yu, J. and Mcmillan, L. 2004. A framework for multiperspective rendering. In Proceedings of the 15th Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (EGSR04). The Eurographics Association, 61--68. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Zomet, A., Feldman, D., Peleg, S., and Weinshall, D. 2003. Mosaicing new views: The crossed-slits projection. In IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell. 25, 6, 741--754. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Zorin, D. and Barr, A. H. 1995. Correction of geometric perceptual distortions in pictures. In SIGGRAPH '95: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM, New York, 257--264. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Towards attention-centered interfaces: An aesthetic evaluation of perspective with eye tracking

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in

          Full Access

          • Published in

            cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications
            ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications  Volume 4, Issue 3
            August 2008
            136 pages
            ISSN:1551-6857
            EISSN:1551-6865
            DOI:10.1145/1386109
            Issue’s Table of Contents

            Copyright © 2008 ACM

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            • Published: 18 September 2008
            • Revised: 1 October 2007
            • Accepted: 1 October 2007
            • Received: 1 April 2007
            Published in tomm Volume 4, Issue 3

            Permissions

            Request permissions about this article.

            Request Permissions

            Check for updates

            Qualifiers

            • research-article
            • Research
            • Refereed

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader
          About Cookies On This Site

          We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

          Learn more

          Got it!