ABSTRACT
A wavelength based bidirectional reflectance function is developed for use in realistic image synthesis. A geodesic sphere is employed to represent the BRDF, and a novel data structure is used to store this description and to recall it for rendering purposes. A virtual goniospectrophotometer is implemented by using a Monte Carlo ray tracer to cast rays into a surface. An optics model that incorporates phase is used in the ray tracer to simulate interference effects. An adaptive subdivision technique is applied to elaborate the data structure from rays scattered into the hemisphere above the surface. The wavelength based BRDF and virtual goniospectrophotometer are utilized to analyze and make pictures of thin films, idealized pigmented materials, and pearlescent paints.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
- 1.Blinn, James F. Models of Light Reflection for Computer Synthesized Pictures. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '77. In Computer Graphics 11, 2, (July 1977) 192-198. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 2.Bolomey, R. A. and L. M. Greenstein. Optical Characteristics Of Iri-descent And Interference Pigments. Journal of Paint Technology 44, 566, (Mar. 1972), 39-50.Google Scholar
- 3.Born, Max and Emil Wolf. Principles of Optics. 6th Ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.Google Scholar
- 4.Cabral, Brian, Nelson Max, and Rebecca Springmeyer. Bidirectional Reflection Functions from Surface Bump Maps. Proceedings of SIG-GRAPH '87. In Computer Graphics 21, 4, (July 1987) 273-281. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 5.Cook, Robert L. and Kenneth E. Torrance. A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics. ACM Trans. Graph. 1, 1, (Jan. 1982), 7-24. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 6.Dias, Maria L. Ray Tracing Interference Color. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 11, 2, (Mar. 1991), 54-60. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 7.Evans, R. M. An Introduction to Color. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1948.Google Scholar
- 8.Greenstein, L. M. Pearlescence: The Optical Behavior of Nacreous and Interference Pigments. In Pigment Handbook, Volume III,T.C. Patton, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1973, 357-390.Google Scholar
- 9.Haase, Chet S. and Gary W. Meyer. Modeling Pigmented Materials for Realistic Image Synthesis. ACM Trans. Graph. 11, 4 (Oct. 1992), 305-335. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 10.Hanrahan, Pat and Wolfgang Krueger. Reflection from Layered Sur-faces due to Subsurface Scattering. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93 In Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, 1993 165-174. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 11.He, Xiao D., Kenneth E. Torrance, Fran~ cois X. Sillion, and Donald P. Greenberg. A Comprehensive Physical Model for Light Reflection. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '91 In Computer Graphics 25, 4 (July 1991), 175-186. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 12.Hecht, Eugene. Optics. 2nd Ed. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Read-ing, 1987.Google Scholar
- 13.Hunter, Richard S. and Richard W. Harold. The Measurement of Ap-pearance. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.Google Scholar
- 14.Kajiya, James T. Anisotropic Reflection Models. Proceedings of SIG-GRAPH '85. In Computer Graphics 19, 3, (July 1985), 15-21. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 15.Kajiya, James T. The Rendering Equation. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '86. In Computer Graphics 20, 4, (Aug. 1986), 143-150. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 16.Phong, Bui-Tuong. Illumination for Computer Generated Pictures. Commun. ACM 18, 6 (June 1975), 311-317. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 17.Poulin, Pierre and Alain Fournier. A Model for Anisotropic Reflection. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '90. In Computer Graphics 24, 4, (Aug. 1990), 273-282. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 18.Siegel, Robert and John R. Howell. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981.Google Scholar
- 19.Sillion, Fran~ cois X., James R. Arvo, Stephen H. Westin, Donald P. Greenberg. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '91. In Computer Graphics 25, 4, (July 1991), 187-196. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 20.Smits, Brian E. and Gary W. Meyer. Newton's Colors: Simulating Interference Phenomena in Realistic Image Synthesis. Eurographics Workshop on Photosimulation, Realism, and Physics in Computer Graphics Conference Proceedings, 1990, 185-194.Google Scholar
- 21.Takagi, Atsushi, Hitoshi Takaoka, Tetsuya Oshima, and Yoshinori Ogata. Accurate Rendering Technique Based on Colorimetric Con-ception. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '90. In Computer Graphics 24, 4, (Aug. 1990), 263-272. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 22.Ward, Gregory J. Measuring and Modeling Anisotropic Reflection. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '92. In Computer Graphics 26, 2, (July 1992), 265-272. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 23.Westin, Stephen H., James R. Arvo, and Kenneth E. Torrance. Pre-dicting Reflectance Functions from Complex Surfaces. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '92. In Computer Graphics 26, 2, (July 1992), 255-264. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- 24.Wolff, Lawrence B. and David J. Kurlander. Ray Tracing with Polar-ization Parameters. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 10, 6, (Nov. 1990), 44-55. Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
Wavelength dependent reflectance functions
Recommendations
Printing reflectance functions
The reflectance function of a scene point captures the appearance of that point as a function of lighting direction. We present an approach to printing the reflectance functions of an object or scene so that its appearance is modified correctly as a ...
Generalization of Lambert's reflectance model
SIGGRAPH '94: Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesLambert's model for body reflection is widely used in computer graphics. It is used extensively by rendering techniques such as radiosity and ray tracing. For several real-world objects, however, Lambert's model can prove to be a very inaccurate ...
Linear efficient antialiased displacement and reflectance mapping
We present Linear Efficient Antialiased Displacement and Reflectance (LEADR) mapping, a reflectance filtering technique for displacement mapped surfaces. Similarly to LEAN mapping, it employs two mipmapped texture maps, which store the first two moments ...




Comments