Abstract
Multimedia applications are often executed on standard personal computers. The absence of established standards has hindered the adoption of real-time scheduling solutions in this class of applications. Developers have adopted a wide range of heuristic approaches to achieve an acceptable timing behavior but the result is often unreliable. We propose a mechanism to extend the benefits of real-time scheduling to legacy applications based on the combination of two techniques: (1) a real-time monitor that observes and infers the activation period of the application, and (2) a feedback mechanism that adapts the scheduling parameters to improve its real-time performance.
- Abeni, L. and Buttazzo, G. 1998. Integrating multimedia applications in hard real-time systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Abeni, L. and Buttazzo, G. 1999. Adaptive bandwidth reservation for multimedia computing. In Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Abeni, L., Cucinotta, T., Lipari, G., Marzario, L., and Palopoli, L. 2005. Qos management through adaptive reservations. Real-Time Syst. J. 29, 2-3. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Abeni, L. and Palopoli, L. 2008. Adaptive real-time scheduling for legacy applications. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). 583--590.Google Scholar
- Abeni, L. and Palopoli, L. 2009. Legacy real-time applications in a reservation-based system. IEEE Trans. Indus. Inform. 5, 3.Google Scholar
- Abeni, L., Palopoli, L., Lipari, G., and Walpole, J. 2002. Analysis of a reservation-based feedback scheduler. In Proceedings of the Real-Time Systems Symposium. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Bogert, B., Healy, M. R., and Tukey, J. 1963. The quefrency alanysis of time series for echoes: Cepstrum, psuedo-autocovariance, cross-cepstrum and saphe cracking. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Time Series Analysis. N. Wiley, Ed., 209--243.Google Scholar
- C. Lu, J. Stankovic, G. T. and Son, S. 2002. Feedback control real-time scheduling: Framework, modeling and algorithms. RT Syst. J. (Special Issue on Control-Theoretic Approaches to Real-Time Computing) 23, 1/2. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Casimiro, A. and Verissimo, P. 2001. Using the timely computing base for dependable qos adaptation. In Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems.Google Scholar
- Cucinotta, T., Abeni, L., Palopoli, L., and Checconi, F. 2009. The wizard of OS: A heartbeat for legacy multimedia applications. In Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop on Embedded Systems for Real-Time Multimedia (ESTIMedia).Google Scholar
- Cucinotta, T., Checconi, F., Abeni, L., and Palopoli, L. 2010. Self-tuning schedulers for legacy real-time applications. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Systems (Eurosys). European chapter of the ACM SIGOPS. To appear. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Eide, E., Stack, T., Regehr, J., and Lepreau, J. 2004. Dynamic CPU management for real-time, middleware-based systems. In Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Real Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'04). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Goel, A., Walpole, J., and Shor, M. 2004. Real-rate scheduling. In Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Real Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- IEEE. 2004. Information Technology -Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)- Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) Amendment: Additional Realtime Extensions.Google Scholar
- Jones, M. B., McCulley, D. L., Forin, A., Leach, P. J., Rosu, D., and Roberts, D. L. 1996. An overview of the rialto real-time architecture. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kedem, B. 1986. Spectral analysis and discrimination by zero-crossings. Proc. IEEE 74, 11, 1477--1493.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Krasic, C., Saubhasik, M., Sinha, A., and Goel, A. 2009. Fair and timely scheduling via cooperative polling. In Proceedings of Eurosys. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Krishnamurthy, Y., Kachroo, V., Karr, D. A., Rodrigues, C., Loyall, J. P., Schantz, R. E., and Schmidt, D. C. 2001. Integration of QoS-enabled distributed object computing middleware for developing next-generation distributed application. In Proceedings of LCTES/OM. 230--237. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Lehoczky, J., Sha, L., and Ding, Y. 1989. The rate monotonic scheduling algorithm: Exact characterization and average case behavior. In Proceedings of the Real Time Systems Symposium. 166--171.Google Scholar
- Leslie, I. M., McAuley, D., Black, R., Roscoe, T., Barham, P., Evers, D., Fairbairns, R., and Hyden, E. 1996. The design and implementation of an operating system to support distributed multimedia applications. IEEE J. Select. Areas Comm. 14, 7. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Li, B. and Nahrstedt, K. 1998. A control theoretical model for quality of service adaptations. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Quality of Service.Google Scholar
- Liu, C. L. and Layland, J. 1973. Scheduling alghorithms for multiprogramming in a hard real-time environment. J. ACM 20, 1. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Mercer, C. W., Rajkumar, R., and Tokuda, H. 1993. Applying hard real-time technology to multimedia systems. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Role of Real-Time in Multimedia/Interactive Computing System.Google Scholar
- Mok, A. K., Feng, X., and Chen, D. 2001. Resource partition for real-time systems. In Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium. 75--84. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Palopoli, L., Cucinotta, T., Marzario, L., and Lipari, G. 2009. AQuoSA—adaptive quality of service architecture. Softw. Pract. Experi. 39, 1, 1--31. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Piszczalski, M. and Galler, B. A. 1979. Predicting musical pitch from component frequency ratios. J. Acoustical Soc. Amer. 66, 3, 710--720.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Rajkumar, R., Juvva, K., Molano, A., and Oikawa, S. 1998. Resource kernels: A resource-centric approach to real-time and multimedia systems. In Proceedings of the SPIE/ACM Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking.Google Scholar
- Steere, D. C., Goel, A., Gruenberg, J., McNamee, D., Pu, C., and Walpole, J. 1999. A feedback-driven proportion allocator for real-rate scheduling. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation. 145--158. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Tsetsekas, C. A., Maniatis, S., and Venieris, I. S. 2001. Supporting qos for legacy applications. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Networking (ICN). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 108--116. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Verissimo, P. and Casimiro, A. 2002. The timely computing base model and architecture. IEEE Trans. Comput. 51, 8. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Wüst, C. C., Steffens, L., Verhaegh, W. F., Bril, R. J., and Hentschel, C. 2005. QoS control strategies for high-quality video processing. Real-Time Syst. 30, 1-2, 7--29. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Yang, T., Liu, T., Berger, E. D., Kaplan, F., and Moss, J. E. B. 2008. Redline: First class support for interactivity in commodity operating systems. In Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
Adaptive real-time scheduling for legacy multimedia applications
Recommendations
Scheduling legacy multimedia applications
Special issue: Adaptive multimedia computingMillions of applications have been developed on conventional time-sharing systems. We call those applications legacy applications. Many of them, typically multimedia applications, have Quality of Service (QoS) demands, which are not supported in time-...
Scheduling Security-Critical Real-Time Applications on Clusters
Security-critical real-time applications such as military aircraft flight control systems have mandatory security requirements in addition to stringent timing constraints. Conventional real-time scheduling algorithms, however, either disregard ...
An Algorithm for Scheduling Aperiodic Real-Time Tasks on a Static Schedule
ICIC '09: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conference on Information and Computing Science - Volume 01In many real-time systems, there are not only periodic real-time tasks, but also aperiodic real-time tasks arising from arbitrary critical events. In this paper, we propose an algorithm (SATSS , Schedule Aperiodic Tasks on a Static Schedule) scheduling ...






Comments