Abstract
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) may interact and manipulate objects in the physical world, and therefore formal guarantees about their behavior are strongly desired. Static-time proofs of safety invariants, however, may be intractable for systems with distributed physical-world interactions. This is further complicated when realistic communication models are considered, for which there may not be bounds on message delays, or even when considering that messages will eventually reach their destination.
In this work, we address the challenge of proving safety and progress in distributed CPSs communicating over an unreliable communication layer. We show that for this type of communication model, system safety is closely related to the results of a hybrid system’s reachability computation, which can be computed at runtime. However, since computing reachability at runtime may be computationally intensive, we provide an approach that moves significant parts of the computation to design time. This approach is demonstrated with a case study of a simulation of multiple vehicles moving within a shared environment.
- Stanley Bak, Fardin Abdi, Zhenqi Huang, and Marco Caccamo. 2013. Using run-time checking to provide safety and progress for distributed cyber-physical systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA’13).Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Stanley Bak and Marco Caccamo. 2013. Computing reachability for nonlinear systems with hycreate. In Demo and Poster Session, ACM/IEEE 16th International Conference on Hybrid Systems.Google Scholar
- Stanley Bak, Deepti K. Chivukula, Olugbemiga Adekunle, Mu Sun, Marco Caccamo, and Lui Sha. 2009. The system-level simplex architecture for improved real-time embedded system safety. In Proceedings of the 2009 15th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS’09). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Stanley Bak, Taylor Johnson, Marco Caccamo, and Lui Sha. 2014. Real-time reachability for verified simplex design. In 2014 IEEE 35th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’14).Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Lei Bu, Qixin Wang, Xin Chen, Linzhang Wang, Tian Zhang, Jianhua Zhao, and Xuandong Li. 2011. Toward online hybrid systems model checking of cyber-physical systems’ time-bounded short-run behavior. SIGBED Review 8, 2 (June 2011), 7--10. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2000367.2000368 Google Scholar
Digital Library
- K. Mani Chandy, Sayan Mitra, and Concetta Pilotto. 2008. Convergence verification: From shared memory to partially synchronous systems. In FORMATS. 218--232. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Xin Chen, Erika Abraham, and Sriram Sankaranarayanan. 2012. Taylor model flowpipe construction for non-linear hybrid systems. In 2012 IEEE 33rd Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’12). 183--192. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2012.70 Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Tanya L. Crenshaw, Elsa Gunter, C. L. Robinson, Lui Sha, and P. R. Kumar. 2007. The simplex reference model: Limiting fault-propagation due to unreliable components in cyber-physical system architectures. In 2007 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’07). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Goran Frehse. 2005. PHAVer: Algorithmic Verification of Hybrid Systems Past Hytech. Springer, 258--273. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Goran Frehse, Colas Le Guernic, Alexandre Donzé, Scott Cotton, Rajarshi Ray, Olivier Lebeltel, Rodolfo Ripado, Antoine Girard, Thao Dang, and Oded Maler. 2011. SpaceEx: Scalable verification of hybrid systems. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV’11) (LNCS), Shaz Qadeer Ganesh Gopalakrishnan (Ed.). Springer. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Honeywell. 2012. OneWireless Network - ISA100.11a-Compliant Wireless Mesh Network. Retrieved from https://www.honeywellprocess.com/en-US/explore/products/wireless/OneWireless-Network/pages/default.aspx.Google Scholar
- Dilsun K. Kaynar, Nancy Lynch, Roberto Segala, and Frits Vaandrager. 2006. The Theory of Timed I/O Automata (Synthesis Lectures in Computer Science). Morgan & Claypool Publishers. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Cheolgi Kim, Mu Sun, Sibin Mohan, Heechul Yun, Lui Sha, and Tarek F. Abdelzaher. 2010. A framework for the safe interoperability of medical devices in the presence of network failures. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS’10). ACM, New York, NY, 149--158. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1795194.1795215 Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Sayan Mitra. 2007. A Verification Framework for Hybrid Systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Lui Sha. 2001. Using simplicity to control complexity. IEEE Software 18, 4 (2001), 20--28. http://dx.doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1109/MS.2001.936213 Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jianping Song, Song Han, Al Mok, Deji Chen, Mike Lucas, Mark Nixon, and Wally Pratt. 2008. WirelessHART: Applying wireless technology in real-time industrial process control. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS’08). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 377--386. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTAS.2008.15 Google Scholar
Digital Library
- John N. Tsitsiklis. 1987. On the stability of asynchronous iterative processes. Theory of Computing Systems 20, 1 (1987), 137--153.Google Scholar
- John Turek and Dennis Shasha. 1992. The many faces of consensus in distributed systems. Computer 25, 6 (June 1992), 8--17. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jianguo Yao, Xue Liu, Guchuan Zhu, and Lui Sha. 2012. NetSimplex: Controller fault tolerance architecture in networked control systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 99 (2012), 1. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TII.2012.2219060Google Scholar
Index Terms
Safety and Progress for Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems with Unreliable Communication
Recommendations
Cyber/Physical Co-verification for Developing Reliable Cyber-physical Systems
COMPSAC '13: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications ConferenceCyber-Physical Systems (CPS) tightly integrate cyber and physical components and transcend discrete and continuous domains. It is greatly desired that the physical components being controlled and the software implementation of control algorithms can be ...
Towards Independent In-Cloud Evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems
CPSNA '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and ApplicationsThe capabilities of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are increasingly being extended towards new composite services deployed across a range of smart sensing and controlling devices. These services enable the emergence of multiple end-to-end cyber-physical ...
Towards a Unified Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
CDEE '10: Proceedings of the 2010 First ACIS International Symposium on Cryptography, and Network Security, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, E-Commerce and Its Applications, and Embedded SystemsCyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computation with physical processes. By merging computing and communication with physical processes CPS allows computer systems to monitor and interact with the physical world. However, today's computing and ...






Comments