skip to main content
tutorial

A Comprehensive Survey and Classification of Approaches for Community Question Answering

Authors Info & Claims
Published:16 August 2016Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Community question-answering (CQA) systems, such as Yahoo! Answers or Stack Overflow, belong to a prominent group of successful and popular Web 2.0 applications, which are used every day by millions of users to find an answer on complex, subjective, or context-dependent questions. In order to obtain answers effectively, CQA systems should optimally harness collective intelligence of the whole online community, which will be impossible without appropriate collaboration support provided by information technologies. Therefore, CQA became an interesting and promising subject of research in computer science and now we can gather the results of 10 years of research. Nevertheless, in spite of the increasing number of publications emerging each year, so far the research on CQA systems has missed a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey. We attempt to fill this gap by a review of 265 articles published between 2005 and 2014, which were selected from major conferences and journals. According to this evaluation, at first we propose a framework that defines descriptive attributes of CQA approaches. Second, we introduce a classification of all approaches with respect to problems they are aimed to solve. The classification is consequently employed in a review of a significant number of representative approaches, which are described by means of attributes from the descriptive framework. As a part of the survey, we also depict the current trends as well as highlight the areas that require further attention from the research community.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

References

  1. Mark S. Ackerman and David W. McDonald. 1996. Answer Garden 2: Merging Organizational Memory with Collaborative Help. In Proc. of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work-CSCW’96. ACM Press, New York, NY, 97--105. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/240080.240203 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Lada A. Adamic, Jun Zhang, Eytan Bakshy, and Mark S. Ackerman. 2008. Knowledge Sharing and Yahoo Answers: Everyone Knows Something. In Proceeding of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 665--674. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367587 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Eugene Agichtein, Carlos Castillo, Debora Donato, Aristides Gionis, and Gilad Mishne. 2008. Finding High-Quality Content in Social Media. In Proc. of the International Conference on Web Search and Web Data Mining-WSDM’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 183--194. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1341531.1341557 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Eugene Agichtein, Yandong Liu, and Jiang Bian. 2009. Modeling Information-Seeker Satisfaction in Community Question Answering. ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data 3, 2 (April 2009), 1--27. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1514888.1514893 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Ashton Anderson and Daniel Huttenlocher. 2013. Steering User Behavior with Badges. In Proc. of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’13. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 95--105. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Ashton Anderson, Daniel Huttenlocher, Jon Kleinberg, and Jure Leskovec. 2012. Discovering Value from Community Activity on Focused Question Answering Sites: A Case Study of Stack Overflow. In Proc. of the 18th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-KDD’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 850--858. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2339530.2339665 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Chulakorn Aritajati and N. Hari Narayanan. 2013. Facilitating Students’ Collaboration and Learning in a Question and Answer System. In Proc. of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion-CSCW’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 101--106. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2441955.2441983 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Ahmed Shah Mashiyat, Chanchal K. Roy, and Kevin A. Schneider. 2013. Answering Questions about Unanswered Questions of Stack Overflow. In Proc. of 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories-MSR’13. IEEE, 97--100. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2013.6624015 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Çiğdem Aslay, Neil O’Hare, Luca Maria Aiello, and Alejandro Jaimes. 2013. Competition-Based Networks for Expert Finding. In Proc. of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1033--1036. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2484028.2484183 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Kyoungman Bae and Youngjoong Ko. 2012. An Effective Category Classification Method Based on a Language Model for Question Category Recommendation on a CQA service. In Proc. of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2255--2258. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2396761.2398614 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Jiang Bian, Yandong Liu, Eugene Agichtein, and Hongyuan Zha. 2008. Finding the Right Facts in the Crowd: Factoid Question Answering over Social Media. In Proceeding of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 467. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367561 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Jiang Bian, Yandong Liu, Ding Zhou, Eugene Agichtein, and Hongyuan Zha. 2009. Learning to Recognize Reliable Users and Content in Social Media with Coupled Mutual Reinforcement. In Proc. of the 18th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 51--60. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1526709.1526717 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Mohan John Blooma, Alton Y. K. Chua, and Dion Hoe-Lian Goh. 2008. A Predictive Framework for Retrieving the Best Answer. In Proc. of the 2008 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing-SAC’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1107--1111. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1363686.1363944 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Mohan John Blooma, Alton Yeow-Kuan Chua, and Dion Hoe-Lian Goh. 2010. Selection of the Best Answer in CQA Services. In Proc. of 7h International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations. IEEE, 534--539. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2010.127 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Amiangshu Bosu, Christopher S. Corley, Dustin Heaton, Debarshi Chatterji, Jeffrey C. Carver, and Nicholas A. Kraft. 2013. Building Reputation in StackOverflow: An Empirical Investigation. In Proc. of the 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories-MSR’13. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE Press, 89--92. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2013.6624013 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Mohamed Bouguessa, Benoît Dumoulin, and Shengrui Wang. 2008. Identifying Authoritative Actors in Question-Answering Forums-The Case of Yahoo! Answers. In Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-KDD’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 866--874. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1401890.1401994 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Andrei Broder. 2002. A taxonomy of web search. ACM SIGIR Forum 36, 2 (September 2002), 3. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/792550.792552 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Fan Bu, Xingwei Zhu, Yu Hao, and Xiaoyan Zhu. 2010. Function-based question classification for general QA. In Proc. of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1119--1128. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Grégoire Burel and Yulan He. 2013. A Question of Complexity -- Measuring the Maturity of Online Enquiry Communities. In Proc. of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media-HT’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1--10. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2481492.2481493 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Grégoire Burel, Yulan He, and Harith Alani. 2012. Automatic Identification of Best Answers in Online Enquiry Communities. In Proc. of 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference-ESWC’12. 514--529. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30284-8_41 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Li Cai, Guangyou Zhou, Kang Liu, and Jun Zhao. 2011. Large-scale question classification in CQA by leveraging Wikipedia semantic knowledge. In Proc. of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1321--1330. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063768 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Yuanzhe Cai and Sharma Chakravarthy. 2013. Expertise Ranking of Users in QA Community. In Proc. of 18th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications-DASFAA’13. 25--40. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37487-6_5Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  23. Xin Cao, Gao Cong, Bin Cui, Christian S. Jensen, and Quan Yuan. 2012. Approaches to Exploring Category Information for Question Retrieval in Community Question-Answer Archives. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 30, 2 (May 2012), 1--38. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2180868.2180869 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Yunbo Cao, Huizhong Duan, Chin-Yew Lin, Yong Yu, and Hsiao-Wuen Hon. 2008. Recommending questions using the mdl-based tree cut model. In Proceeding of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 81--90. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367509 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. David Carmel, Avihai Mejer, Yuval Pinter, and Idan Szpektor. 2014. Improving Term Weighting for Community Question Answering Search Using Syntactic Analysis. In Proc. of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 351--360. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661901 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Brendan Cleary, Carlos Gomez, Margaret-Anne Storey, Leif Singer, and Christoph Treude. 2013. Analyzing the Friendliness of Exchanges in an Online Software Developer Community. In Proc. of 6th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering-CHASE’13. IEEE, 159--160. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CHASE.2013.6614756Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  27. Denzil Correa and Ashish Sureka. 2013. Fit or unfit: Analysis and Prediction of “Closed Questions” on Stack Overflow. In Proc. of the first ACM Conference on Online Social Networks-COSN’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 201--212. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2512938.2512954 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Denzil Correa and Ashish Sureka. 2014. Chaff from the Wheat: Characterization and Modeling of Deleted Questions on Stack Overflow. In Proc. of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 631--642. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2566486.2568036 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Daniel Hasan Dalip, Marcos André Gonçalves, Marco Cristo, and Pavel Calado. 2013. Exploiting User Feedback to Learn to Rank Answers in Q&A Forums: a Case Study with Stack Overflow. In Proc. of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 543--552. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2484028.2484072 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. David Dearman and Khai N. Truong. 2010. Why Users of Yahoo! Answers Do Not Answer Questions. In Proc. of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 329--332. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753376 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. Gideon Dror, Yehuda Koren, Yoelle Maarek, and Idan Szpektor. 2011. I Want to Answer, Who Has a Question? Yahoo! Answers Recommender System. In Proc. of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-KDD’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1109--1117. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2020408.2020582 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. Gideon Dror, Yoelle Maarek, Avihai Mejer, and Idan Szpektor. 2013. From Query to Question in One Click: Suggesting Synthetic Questions to Searchers. In Proc. of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’13. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 391--401. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. Gideon Dror, Yoelle Maarek, and Idan Szpektor. 2013. Will My Question Be Answered? Predicting “Question Answerability” in Community Question-Answering Sites. In Proc. of European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases-ECML PKDD’13. Springer, Berlin, 499--514. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40994-3_32Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. Gideon Dror, Dan Pelleg, Oleg Rokhlenko, and Idan Szpektor. 2012. Churn prediction in new users of Yahoo! answers. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’12 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 829--834. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188207 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Pnina Fichman. 2011. A comparative assessment of answer quality on four question answering sites. J. Inf. Sci. 37, 5 (October 2011), 476--486. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551511415584 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. Bojan Furlan, Bosko Nikolic, and Veljko Milutinovic. 2013. A survey and evaluation of state-of-the-art intelligent question routing systems. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 28 (2013), 686--708. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/int.21597Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  37. Adabriand Furtado, Nazareno Andrade, Nigini Oliveira, and Francisco Brasileiro. 2013. Contributor Profiles, their Dynamics, and their Importance in Five Q&A Sites. In Proc. of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work-CSCW’’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA: 1237--1252. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441916 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. Yunjun Gao, Lu Chen, Rui Li, and Gang Chen. 2013. Mapping Queries to Questions: Towards Understanding Users’ Information Needs. In Proc. of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 977--980. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2484028.2484138 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. Giovanni Gardelli and Ingmar Weber. 2012. Why do you ask this? Using Toolbar Data to Identify Common Patterns of Q&A Users. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’’12 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 815--822. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188205 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  40. Rich Gazan. 2011. Social Q&A. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 62, 12 (December 2011), 2301--2312. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21562 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  41. Alexandru Lucian Ginsca and Adrian Popescu. 2013. User Profiling for Answer Quality Assessment in Q&A Communities. In Proc. of the 2103 Workshop on Data-Driven user Behavioral Modelling and Mining from Social Media-DUBMOD’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 25--28. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2513577.2513579 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  42. George Gkotsis, Karen Stepanyan, Carlos Pedrinaci, John Domingue, and Maria Liakata. 2014. It's all in the Content: State of the art Best Answer Prediction based on Discretisation of Shallow Linguistic Features. In Proc. of the 2014 ACM Conference on Web Science-WebSci’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 202--210. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2615569.2615681 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  43. Carlos Gomez, Brendan Cleary, and Leif Singer. 2013. A Study of Innovation Diffusion through Link Sharing on Stack Overflow. In Proc. of 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories-MSR’13. IEEE, 81--84. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2013.6624011 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  44. Scott Grant and Buddy Betts. 2013. Encouraging User Behaviour with Achievements: An Empirical Study. In Proc. of 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories-MSR’13. IEEE, 65--68. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2013.6624007 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  45. Jinwen Guo, Shengliang Xu, Shenghua Bao, and Yong Yu. 2008. Tapping on the Potential of Q&A Community by Recommending Answer Providers. In Proceeding of the 17th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Mining-CIKM’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 921--930. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1458082.1458204 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  46. F. Maxwell Harper, Daniel Moy, and Joseph a Konstan. 2009. Facts or Friends? Distinguishing Informational and Conversational Questions in Social Q&A Sites. In Proc. of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI 09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 759. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1518701.1518819 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  47. F. Maxwell Harper, Daphne Raban, Sheizaf Rafaeli, and Joseph A. Konstan. 2008. Predictors of Answer Quality in Online Q&A Sites. In Proceeding of the 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 865--874. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357191 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  48. F. Maxwell Harper, Joseph Weinberg, John Logie, and Joseph A. Konstan. 2010. Question types in social Q&A sites. First Monday 15, 7 (2010).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  49. Felix Hieber and Stefan Riezler. 2011. Improved Answer Ranking in Social Question-Answering Portals. In Proc. of the 3rd International Workshop on Search and Mining user-Generated Contents-SMUC’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 19--26. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2065023.2065030 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  50. Damon Horowitz and Sepandar D. Kamvar. 2010. The anatomy of a large-scale social search engine. In Proc. of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’10. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 431--440. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1772690.1772735 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  51. Gary Hsieh and Scott Counts. 2009. mimir: A Market-Based Real-Time Question and Answer Service. In Proc. of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI 09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 769--778. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1518701.1518820 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  52. Adrian Huna, Ivan Srba, and Maria Bielikova. 2016. Exploiting Content Quality and Question Difficulty in CQA Reputation Systems. In Proc. of International Conference on Nework Science-NetSciX’16. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Berlin, 68--81. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28361-6_6 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  53. Wen Chan, Jintao Du, Weidong Yang, Jinhui Tang, and Xiangdong Zhou. 2014. Term Selection and Result Reranking for Question Retrieval by Exploiting Hierarchical Classification. In Proc. of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 141--150. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661938 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  54. Wen Chan, Weidong Yang, Jinhui Tang, Jintao Du, Xiangdong Zhou, and Wei Wang. 2013. Community Question Topic Categorization via Hierarchical Kernelized Classification. In Proc. of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information & Knowledge Management-CIKM’’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 959--968. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505676 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  55. Wen Chan, Xiangdong Zhou, Wei Wang, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2012. Community Answer Summarization for Multi-Sentence Question with Group L1 Regularization. In Proc. of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics-ACL’12. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 582--591. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  56. Shuo Chang and Aditya Pal. 2013. Routing Questions for Collaborative Answering in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining-ASONAM’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 494--501. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2492559 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  57. M. A. Chatti, U. Schroeder, and M. Jarke. 2012. LaaN: Convergence of Knowledge Management and Technology-Enhanced Learning. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 5, 2 (April 2012), 177--189. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2011.33 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  58. Bee-Chung Chen, Anirban Dasgupta, Xuanhui Wang, and Jie Yang. 2012. Vote Calibration in Community Question-Answering Systems. In Proc. of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 781--790. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2348283.2348388 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  59. Cheng Chen, Kui Wu, Venkatesh Srinivasan, and R. Kesav Bharadwaj. 2013. The Best Answers? Think Twice: Online Detection of Commercial Campaigns in the CQA Forums. In Proc. of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining-ASONAM’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 458--465. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2492553 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  60. Long Chen, Dell Zhang, and Mark Levene. 2012. Identifying Local Questions in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of 8th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference-AIRS’12. 306--315. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35341-3_26Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  61. Long Chen, Dell Zhang, and Mark Levene. 2013. Question Retrieval with User Intent. In Proc. of the 36th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 973--976. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2484028.2484129 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  62. Long Chen, Dell Zhang, and Levene Mark. 2012. Understanding User Intent in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’12 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 823--828. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188206 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  63. Erik Choi, Vanessa Kitzie, and Chirag Shah. 2012. Developing a typology of online Q&A models and recommending the right model for each question type. Proc. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 49, 1 (2012), 1--4. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504901302Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  64. Alton Y. K. Chua and Radhika Shenoy Balkunje. 2012. Comparative Evaluation of Community Question Answering Websites. In Proc. of 14th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries-ICADL’12. Springer, Berlin, 209--218. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34752-8_27Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  65. Alton Y. K. Chua and Snehasish Banerjee. 2014. Where to Ask and How to Ask? The Case of Community Question Answering Sites. In Proc. of Internation Conference on Science and Information Conference-SAI’14. IEEE, 888--895. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2014.6918291Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  66. Grace YoungJoo Jeon, Yong-Mi Kim, and Yan Chen. 2010. Re-examining Price as a Predictor of Answer Quality in an Online Q&A Site. In Proc. of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 325--328. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753375 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  67. Jiwoon Jeon, W. Bruce Croft, and Joon Ho Lee. 2005. Finding Semantically Similar Questions Based on Their Answers. In Proc. of the 28th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’05. ACM Press, New York, NY, 617--618. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1076034.1076156 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  68. Jiwoon Jeon, W. Bruce Croft, Joon Ho Lee, and Soyeon Park. 2006. A Framework to Predict the Quality of Answers with Non-Textual Features. In Proc. of the 29th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 228--235. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1148170.1148212 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  69. Zongcheng Ji and Bin Wang. 2013. Learning to Rank for Question Routing in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information & Knowledge Management-CIKM’’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2363--2368. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2505515.2505670 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  70. Blooma John, Chua Alton Yeow-Kuan, and Goh Dion Hoe-Lian. 2011. What Makes a High-Quality User-Generated Answer? IEEE Internet Comput. 15, 1 (2011), 66--71. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/MIC.2010.82 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  71. Pawel Jurczyk and Eugene Agichtein. 2007. Discovering Authorities in Question Answer Communities by Using Link Analysis. In Proc. of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’07. ACM Press, New York, NY, 919--922. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1321440.1321575 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  72. Imrul Kayes, Nicolas Kourtellis, Daniele Quercia, Adriana Iamnitchi, and Francesco Bonchi. 2015. The Social World of Content Abusers in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’15. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 570--580. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  73. Chong Tong Lee, Eduarda Mendes Rodrigues, Gabriella Kazai, Nataša Milic-Frayling, and Aleksandar Ignjatovic. 2009. Model for Voter Scoring and Best Answer Selection in Community Q&A Services. In Proc. of IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology-WI-IAT’09. IEEE, 116--123. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.23 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  74. Uichin Lee, Hyanghong Kang, Eunhee Yi, Mun Yi, and Jussi Kantola. 2012. Understanding Mobile Q&A Usage: An Exploratory Study. In Proc. of the 2012 ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 3215--3224. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208741 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  75. Pierre Lévy. 1997. Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace, Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  76. Baichuan Li. 2014. A Computational Framework for Question Processing in Community Question Answering Services. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  77. Baichuan Li, Tan Jin, Michael R. Lyu, Irwin King, and Barley Mak. 2012. Analyzing and Predicting Question Quality in Community Question Answering Services. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’12 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 775--782. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188200 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  78. Baichuan Li and Irwin King. 2010. Routing Questions to Appropriate Answerers in Community Question Answering Services. In Proc. of the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1585--1588. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1871437.1871678 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  79. Baichuan Li, Irwin King, and Michael R. Lyu. 2011. Question Routing in Community Question Answering: Putting Category in Its Place. In Proc. of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2041--2044. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2063576.2063885 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  80. Baichuan Li, Michael R. Lyu, and Irwin King. 2012. Communities of Yahoo! Answers and Baidu Zhidao: Complementing or Competing? In Proc. of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks-IJCNN’12. IEEE, 1--8. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2012.6252435Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  81. Baoli Li and Eugene Agichtein. 2008. CoCQA: Co-Training Over Questions and Answers with an Application to Predicting Question Subjectivity Orientation. In Proc. of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing-EMNLP’08. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 937--946. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  82. Ze Li, Haiying Shen, and Joseph Edward Grant. 2012. Collective Intelligence in the Online Social Network of Yahoo!Answers and Its Implications. In Proc. of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 455--464. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2396761.2396821 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  83. Chih-Lu Lin, Ying-Liang Chen, and Hung-Yu Kao. 2014. Question Difficulty Evaluation by Knowledge Gap Analysis in Question Answer Communities. In Proc. of IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining-ASONAM’14. IEEE, 336--339. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/ASONAM.2014.6921606Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  84. Duen Ren Liu, Yu Hsuan Chen, and Chun Kai Huang. 2014. QA document recommendations for communities of question-answering websites. Knowledge-Based Syst. 57 (2014), 146--160. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2013.12.017 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  85. Duen Ren Liu, Yu Hsuan Chen, Wei Chen Kao, and Hsiu Wen Wang. 2013. Integrating expert profile, reputation and link analysis for expert finding in question-answering websites. Inf. Process. Manag. 49, 1 (2013), 312--329. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2012.07.002 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  86. Jing Liu, Young-in Song, and Chin-yew Lin. 2011. Competition-based User Expertise Score Estimation. In Proc. of the 34th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information-SIGIR’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 425--434. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2009916.2009975 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  87. Mingrong Liu, Yicen Liu, and Qing Yang. 2010. Predicting Best Answerers for New Questions in Community Question Answering. In Lei Chen, Changjie Tang, Jun Yang, & Yunjun Gao, eds. Proc. of the 11th International Conference on Web-Age Information Management-WAIM’’10. Springer, Berlin, 127--138. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14246-8_15 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  88. Qiaoling Liu, et al. 2011. Predicting Web Searcher Satisfaction with Existing Community-based Answers. In Proc. of the 34th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information-SIGIR’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 415--424. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2009916.2009974 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  89. Qiaoling Liu, Eugene Agichtein, Gideon Dror, Yoelle Maarek, and Idan Szpektor. 2012. When Web Search Fails, Searchers Become Askers: Understanding the Transition. In Proc. of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 801--810. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2348283.2348390 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  90. Qiaoling Liu, Tomasz Jurczyk, Jinho Choi, and Eugene Agichtein. 2015. Real-Time Community Question Answering: Exploring Content Recommendation and User Notification Strategies Qiaoling. In Proc. of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces-IUI’15. ACM Press, New York, NY, 50--61. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2678025.2701392 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  91. Tie-Yan Liu. 2007. Learning to Rank for Information Retrieval. Found. Trends® Inf. Retr. 3, 3 (2007), 225--331. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1500000016 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  92. Xiaoying Liu, Zhoujun Li, Xiaojian Zhao, and Zhenggan Zhou. 2011. Using Concept-Level Random Walk Model and Global Inference Algorithm for Answer Summarization. In Proc. of 7th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference-AIRS’11. Springer, Berlin, 434--445. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25631-8_39 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  93. Xiaoyong Liu, W. Bruce Croft, and Matthew Koll. 2005. Finding Experts in Community-Based Question-Answering Services. In Proc. of the 14th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’05. ACM Press, New York, NY, 315--316. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1099554.1099644 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  94. Yandong Liu and Eugene Agichtein. 2008. You’ve Got Answers: Towards Personalized Models for Predicting Success in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technologies-HLT’08. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 97--100. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  95. Yandong Liu, Jiang Bian, and Eugene Agichtein. 2008. Predicting Information Seeker Satisfaction in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 31st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 483--490. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1390334.1390417 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  96. Yandong Liu, Nitya Narasimhan, Venu Vasudevan, and Eugene Agichtein. 2009. Is this urgent? Exploring Time-Sensitive Information Needs in Collaborative Question Answering. In Proc. of the 32nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 712--713. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1571941.1572091 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  97. Yuanjie Liu, Shasha Li, Yunbo Cao, Chin-yew Lin, Dingyi Han, and Yong Yu. 2008. Understanding and Summarizing Answers in Community-Based Question Answering Services. In Proc. of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics-COLING’08. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 497--504. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  98. Zhe Liu and Bernard J. Jansen. 2013. Factors Influencing the Response Rate in Social Question & Answering Behavior. In Proc. of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work-CSCW’’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1263--1274. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441918 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  99. Lin Luo, Fei Wang, Michelle X. Zhou, Yingxin Pan, and Hang Chen. 2014. Who Have Got Answers? Growing the Pool of Answerers in a Smart Enterprise Social QA System. In Proc. of the 19th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces-IUI’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 7--16. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2557500.2557531 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  100. Lena Mamykina, Bella Manoim, Manas Mittal, George Hripcsak, and Björn Hartmann. 2011. Design Lessons from the Fastest Q&A Site in the West. In Proc. of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2857--2866. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1978942.1979366 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  101. Yuqing Mao, Haifeng Shen, and Chengzheng Sun. 2013. Online Silk Road: Nurturing Social Search through Knowledge Bartering. In Proc. of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work-CSCW’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1193--1202. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441911 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  102. Justin Matejka, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2011. IP-QAT: In-Product Questions, Answers & Tips. In Proc. of the 24th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology-UIST’’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 175--184. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047218 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  103. Eduarda Mendes Rodrigues and Natasa Milic-Frayling. 2009. Socializing or knowledge sharing?: characterizing social intent in community question answering. In Proceeding of the 18th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1127. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646096 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  104. Yajie Miao, Chunping Li, Jie Tang, and Lili Zhao. 2010. Identifying New Categories in Community Question Answering Archives: A Topic Modeling Approach. In Proc. of the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1673--1676. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1871437.1871701 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  105. Patrick Morrison and E. Murphy-Hill. 2013. Is Programming Knowledge Related To Age? In Proc. of the 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories-MSR’13. 69--72. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  106. Dana Movshovitz-Attias, Yair Movshovitz-Attias, Peter Steenkiste, and Christos Faloutsos. 2013. Analysis of the Reputation System and User Contributions on a Question Answering Website: StackOverflow. In Proc. of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining-ASONAM’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 886--893. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2500242 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  107. Klemens Muthmann and Alina Petrova. 2014. An Automatic Approach for Identifying Topical Near-Duplicate Relations between Questions from Social Media Q/A Sites. In Proceeding of WSDM 2014 Workshop: “Web-Scale Classification: Classifying Big Data from the Web.”Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  108. Liqiang Nie, Yi-Liang Zhao, Xiangyu Wang, Jialie Shen, and Tat-seng Chua. 2014. Learning to Recommend Descriptive Tags for Questions in Social Forums. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 32, 1 (January 2014), 1--23. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559157 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  109. Jeffrey Nichols and Jeon-Hyung Kang. 2012. Asking Questions of Targeted Strangers on Social Networks. Proc. ACM 2012 Conf. Comput. Support. Coop. Work-CSCW’12 (2012), 999--1002. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2145204.2145352 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  110. Kyosuke Nishida and Ko Fujimura. 2010. Hierarchical Auto-Tagging: Organizing Q&A Knowledge for Everyone. In Proc. of the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1657--1660. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1871437.1871697 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  111. Aditya Pal et al. 2011. Early Detection of Potential Experts in Question Answering Communities. In Proc. of the 19th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaption, and Personalization-UMAP’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 231--242. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  112. Aditya Pal, F. Maxwell Harper, and Joseph A. Konstan. 2012. Exploring Question Selection Bias to Identify Experts and Potential Experts in Community Question Answering. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 30, 2 (May 2012), 1--28. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2180868.2180872 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  113. Aditya Pal, Shuo Chang, and Joseph A. Konstan. 2012. Evolution of Experts in Question Answering Communities. In Proc. of the Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media-ICWSM’12. 1--8.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  114. Aditya Pal, Fei Wang, Michelle X. Zhou, Jeffrey Nichols, and Barton A. Smith. 2013. Question Routing to User Communities. In Proc. of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information & Knowledge Management-CIKM’’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2357--2362. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505669 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  115. Vinay Pande, Tanmoy Mukherjee, and Vasudeva Varma. 2013. Summarizing Answers for Community Question Answer Services. In Proc. of 25th International Conference on Language Processing and Knowledge in the Web-GSCL’13. Springer, Berlin, 151--161. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40722-2_16Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  116. Sharoda A. Paul, Lichan Hong, and Ed. H. Chi. 2012. Who is Authoritative? Understanding Reputation Mechanisms in Quora. In Proc. of Conference on Collective Intelligence-CI’12.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  117. Maria Soledad Pera and Yiu-Kai Ng. 2011. A Community Question-Answering Refinement System. In Proc. of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia-HT’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 251--260. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1995966.1995999 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  118. Tiziano Piccardi, Gregorio Convertino, Massimo Zancanaro, Ji Wang, and Cedric Archambeau. 2014. Towards Crowd-based Customer Service: A Mixed-Initiative Tool for Managing Q&A Sites. In Proc. of the 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2725--2734. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2556288.2557202 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  119. Luca Ponzanelli, Andrea Mocci, Alberto Bacchelli, Michele Lanza, and David Fullerton. 2014. Improving Low Quality Stack Overflow Post Detection. In Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution-ICSME’14. 541--544. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSME.2014.90 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  120. J. S. Pudipeddi, L. Akoglu, and H. Tong. 2014. User Churn in Focused Question Answering Sites: Characterizations and Prediction. In Proc. of the 23st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’14 Companion. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 469--474. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2567948.2576965 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  121. Xiaojun Quan, Yao Lu, and Wenyin Liu. 2012. Towards Modeling Question Popularity in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of IEEE 11th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing-ICCI*CC’12. IEEE, 109--114. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCI-CC.2012.6311134Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  122. Sujith Ravi, Bo Pang, and Ravi Kumar. 2014. Great Question! Question Quality in Community Q&A. In Proc. of AAAI International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media-ICWSM’’14. 426--435.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  123. Fatemeh Riahi, Zainab Zolaktaf, Mahdi Shafiei, and Evangelos Milios. 2012. Finding Expert Users in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’12 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 791--798. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2187980.2188202 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  124. Matthew Richardson and Ryen W. White. 2011. Supporting Synchronous Social Q&A Throughout the Question Lifecycle. In Proc. of the 20th International Conference on World Wide web-WWW’’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 755--764. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1963405.1963511 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  125. Tetsuya Sakai, Daisuke Ishikawa, Noriko Kando, Yohei Seki, Kazuko Kuriyama, and Chin-Yew Lin. 2011. Using Graded-Relevance Metrics for Evaluating Community QA Answer Selection. In Proc. of the Fourth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining-WSDM’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 187--196. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1935826.1935864 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  126. Jose San Pedro and Alexandros Karatzoglou. 2014. Question Recommendation for Collaborative Question Answering Systems with RankSLDA. In Proc. of the 8th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems-RecSys’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 193--200. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2645710.2645736 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  127. Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter. 2006. Knowledge building: Theory, pedagogy, and technology. In K. Sawyer, ed., Cambridge handbook of the Learning Sciences. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 97--118.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  128. Chirag Shah, Vanessa Kitzie, and Erik Choi. 2014a. Modalities, motivations, and materials-investigating traditional and social online Q&A services. J. Inf. Sci. 40, 5 (October 2014), 669--687. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551514534140 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  129. Chirag Shah, Vanessa Kitzie, and Erik Choi. 2014b. Questioning the Question-Addressing the Answerability of Questions in Community Question-Answering. In Proc. of 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-HICSS’14. IEEE, 1386--1395. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.180 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  130. Chirag Shah, Sanghee Oh, and Jung Sun Oh. 2009. Research agenda for social Q&A. Libr. Inf. Sci. Res. 31, 4 (2009), 205--209. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2009.07.006Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  131. Chirag Shah and Jefferey Pomerantz. 2010. Evaluating and Predicting Answer Quality in Community QA. In Proceeding of the 33rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 411--418. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1835449.1835518 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  132. Anna Shtok, Gideon Dror, Yoelle Maarek, and Idan Szpektor. 2012. Learning from the Past: Answering New Questions with Past Answers. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 759--768. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187836.2187939 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  133. Amit Singh. 2012. Entity based Q&A retrieval. In Proc. of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language-EMNLP-CoNLL’12. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1266--1277. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  134. Amit Singh and Karthik Visweswariah. 2011. CQC: Classifying Questions in CQA Websites. In Proc. of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2033--2036. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063883 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  135. Siqi Song, Ye Tian, Wenwen Han, Xirong Que, and Wendong Wang. 2013. Leading Users Detecting Model in Professional Community Question Answering Services. In Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing. IEEE, 1302--1307. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom.2013.226 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  136. Ivan Srba and Maria Bielikova. 2015. Askalot: Community Question Answering as a Means for Knowledge Sharing in an Educational Organization. In Proc. of the 18th ACM Conference Companion on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing-CSCW’’15 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 179--182. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2685553.2699001 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  137. Ivan Srba and Mária Bieliková. 2016. Why Is Stack Overflow Failing? Preserving Sustainability in Community Question Answering. IEEE Softw. 33, 4 (2016).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  138. Ivan Srba, Marek Grznar, and Maria Bielikova. 2015. Utilizing Non-QA Data to Improve Questions Routing for Users with Low QA Activity in CQA. In Proc. of the 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2015-ASONAM’15. ACM Press, New York, NY, 129--136. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2808797.2809331 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  139. Ke Sun, Yunbo Cao, Xinying Song, Young-In Song, Xiaolong Wang, and Chin-Yew Lin. 2009. Learning to Recommend Questions Based on User Ratings. In Proceeding of the 18th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 751--758. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646049 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  140. James Surowiecki. 2005. The Wisdom of Crowds, Anchor. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  141. Maggy Anastasia Suryanto, Ee Peng Lim, Aixin Sun, and Roger H. L. Chiang. 2009. Quality-Aware Collaborative Question Answering: Methods and Evaluation. In Proc. of the Second ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining-WSDM’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 142--151. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1498759.1498820 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  142. Saori Suzuki, Shin’ichi Nakayama, and Hideo Joho. 2011. Formulating Effective Questions for Community-based Question Answering. In Proc. of the 34th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information-SIGIR’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA: 1261--1262. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2009916.2010149 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  143. Idan Szpektor, Yoelle Maarek, and Dan Pelleg. 2013. When Relevance is not Enough: Promoting Diversity and Freshness in Personalized Question Recommendation. In Proc. of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’13. 1249--1259. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  144. Yla R. Tausczik and James W. Pennebaker. 2011. Predicting the Perceived Quality of Online Mathematics Contributions from Users’ Reputations. In Proc. of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1885--1888. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979215 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  145. Hapnes Toba, Zhao Yan Ming, Mirna Adriani, and Tat Seng Chua. 2014. Discovering high quality answers in community question answering archives using a hierarchy of classifiers. Inf. Sci. (Ny). 261, March (2014), 101--115. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.10.030 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  146. Mattia Tomasoni and Minlie Huang. 2010. Metadata-Aware Measures for Answer Summarization in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics-ACL’10. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 760--769. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  147. G. Alan Wang, Harry Jiannan Wang, Jiexun Li, Alan S. Abrahams, and Weiguo Fan. 2014. An Analytical Framework for Understanding Knowledge-Sharing Processes in Online Q&A Communities. ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst. 5, 4 (December 2014), 1--31. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2629445 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  148. Gang Wang et al. 2013. Wisdom in the Social Crowd: an Analysis of Quora. In Proc. of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’13. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 1341--1351. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  149. Jun Wang, Xia Hu, Zhoujun Li, Wenhan Chao, and Biyun Hu. 2011. Learning to Recommend Questions Based on Public Interest. In Proc. of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2029--2032. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063882 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  150. Jun Wang, Zhoujun Li, Xia Hu, and Biyun Hu. 2010. A Novel Composite Kernel for Finding Similar Questions in CQA Services. In Proc. of 11th International Conference on Web-Age Information Management-WAIM’10. Springer, Berlin, 608--619. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14246-8_59 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  151. Kai Wang, Zhao-yan Ming, Xia Hu, and Tat-seng Chua. 2010. Segmentation of Multi-Sentence Questions: Towards Effective Question Retrieval in CQA Services. In Proceeding of the 33rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’10. ACM Press, New York, NY, 387--394. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1835449.1835515 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  152. Kai Wang, Zhaoyan Ming, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2009. A Syntactic Tree Matching Approach to Finding Similar Questions in Community-based QA Services. In Proc. of the 32nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 187--194. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1571941.1571975 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  153. Xin-Jing Wang, Xudong Tu, Dan Feng, and Lei Zhang. 2009. Ranking Community Answers by Modeling Question-Answer Relationships via Analogical Reasoning. In Proc. of the 32nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 179--186. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1571941.1571974 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  154. Molly Mclure Wasko and Samer Faraj. 2000. “It is what one does”: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 9, 2--3 (September 2000), 155--173. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(00)00045-7Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  155. Etienne Wenger. 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  156. Ryen W. White and Matthew Richardson. 2012. Effects of Expertise Differences in Synchronous Social Q&A. In Proc. of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’’12. 1055--1056. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2348283.2348466 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  157. Ryen W. White, Matthew Richardson, and Yandong Liu. 2011. Effects of Community Size and Contact Rate in Synchronous Social Q&A. In Proc. of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI’’11. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2837--2846. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979364 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  158. Steve Whittaker. 1996. Talking to strangers: An Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Electronic Collaboration. In Proc. of the 1996 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work-CSCW’96. ACM Press, New York, NY, 409--418. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/240080.240352 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  159. Haocheng Wu, Wei Wu, Ming Zhou, Enhong Chen, Lei Duan, and Heung-Yeung Shum. 2014. Improving Search Relevance for Short Queries in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 7th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining-WSDM’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 43--52. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2556195.2556239 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  160. Fei Xu, Zongcheng Ji, and Bin Wang. 2012. Dual Role Model for Question Recommendation in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 771--779. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/2348283.2348387 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  161. Xiaobing Xue, Jiwoon Jeon, and W. Bruce Croft. 2008. Retrieval Models for Question and Answer Archives. In Proc. of the 31st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’08. ACM Press, New York, NY, 475--482. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/1390334.1390416 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  162. Baoguo Yang. 2014. Exploring User Expertise and Descriptive Ability in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining-ASONAM’14. IEEE, 320--327. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ASONAM.2014.6921604Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  163. Diyi Yang, David Adamson, and Carolyn Penstein Rosé. 2014. Question Recommendation with Constraints for Massive Open Online Courses. In Proc. of the 8th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems-RecSys’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 49--56. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2645710.2645748 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  164. Jie Yang, Claudia Hauff, Alessandro Bozzon, and Geert-jan Houben. 2014. Asking the Right Question in Collaborative Q&A systems. In Proc. of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media-HT’’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 179--189. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2631775.2631809 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  165. Jie Yang, Ke Tao, Alessandro Bozzon, and Geert-Jan Houben. 2014. Sparrows and Owls: Characterisation of Expert Behaviour in StackOverflow. In Proc. of the 22th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaption, and Personalization-UMAP’14. Vania Dimitrova, Tsvi Kuflik, David Chin, Francesco Ricci, Peter Dolog, and Geert-Jan Houben, eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 37--48. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08786-3Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  166. Liu Yang, et al. 2013. CQArank: Jointly Model Topics and Expertise in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information & Knowledge Management-CIKM’’13. ACM Press, New York, NY, 99--108. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505720 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  167. Yuan Yao, Hanghang Tong, Tao Xie, Leman Akoglu, Feng Xu, and Jian Lu. 2015. Detecting High-quality Posts in Community Question Answering Sites. Inf. Sci. (Ny). 302, December (May 2015), 70--82. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.12.038 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  168. Yuan Yao, Hanghang Tong, Feng Xu, and Jian Lu. 2014. Predicting Long-Term Impact of CQA Posts: A Comprehensive Viewpoint. In Proc. of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-KDD’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1496--1505. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623649 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  169. Sarita Yardi and Erika Shehan Poole. 2009. Please Help! Patterns of Personalization in an Online Tech Support Board. In Proc. of the Fourth International Conference on Communities and Technologies-C&T’’09. ACM Press, New York, NY, 285--294. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1556460.1556501 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  170. Reyyan Yeniterzi and Jamie Callan. 2014. Analyzing Bias in CQA-based Expert Finding Test Sets. In Proc. of the 37th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval-SIGIR’’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 967--970. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2600428.2609486 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  171. Jun Zhang, Mark S. Ackerman, and Lada Adamic. 2007. Expertise Networks in Online Communities: Structure and Algorithms. In Proc. of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web-WWW’07. ACM Press, New York, NY, 221--230. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242603 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  172. Kai Zhang, Wei Wu, Haocheng Wu, Zhoujun Li, and Ming Zhou. 2014. Question Retrieval with High Quality Answers in Community Question Answering. In Proc. of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’14. ACM Press, New York, NY, 371--380. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661908 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  173. Zhou Zhao, Lijun Zhang, Xiaofei He, and Wilfred Ng. 2015. Expert Finding for Question Answering via Graph Regularized Matrix Completion. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 27, 4 (April 2015), 993--1004. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2014.2356461Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  174. Guangyou Zhou, Li Cai, Kang Liu, and Jun Zhao. 2012. Exploring the Existing Category Hierarchy to Automatically Label the Newly-arising Topics in CQA. In Proc. of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’12. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1647--1651. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2396761.2398490 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  175. Guangyou Zhou, Kang Liu, and Jun Zhao. 2012. Joint Relevance and Answer Quality Learning for Question Routing in Community QA. In Proc. of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’12. ACM Press, New York, NYork, 1492--1496. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2396761.2398459 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  176. Guangyou Zhou, Jun Zhao, Tingting He, and Wensheng Wu. 2014. An empirical study of topic-sensitive probabilistic model for expert finding in question answer communities. Knowl.-Based Syst. 66, August (2014), 136--145. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2014.04.032Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  177. Tom Chao Zhou, Michael Rung-Tsong Lyu, Irwin King, and Jie Lou. 2015. Learning to suggest questions in social media. Knowl. Inf. Syst. 43, 2 (May 2015), 389--416. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-014-0737-z Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  178. Zhi-Min Zhou, Man Lan, Zheng-Yu Niu, and Yue Lu. 2012. Exploiting User Profile Information for Answer Ranking in CQA. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide Web-WWW’12 Companion. ACM Press, New York, NY, 767--774. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188199 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  179. Hengshu Zhu, Huanhuan Cao, Hui Xiong, Enhong Chen, and Jilei Tian. 2011. Towards Expert Finding by Leveraging Relevant Categories in Authority Ranking. In Proc. of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management-CIKM’11. 2221--2224. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063931 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  180. Hengshu Zhu, Enhong Chen, and Huanhuan Cao. 2011. Finding Experts in Tag Based Knowledge Sharing Communities. In Proc. of 5th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management-KSEM’11. Springer, Berlin, 183--195. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25975-3_17 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  181. Z. Zhu, D. Bernhard, and I. Gurevych. 2009. A Multi-Dimensional Model for Assessing the Quality of Answers in Social Q&A Sites, Technical Report TUD-CS-2009-0158.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. A Comprehensive Survey and Classification of Approaches for Community Question Answering

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in

      Full Access

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader
      About Cookies On This Site

      We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

      Learn more

      Got it!