Timo Viitanen
ABSTRACT
High-performance ray tracing on CPU is now largely based on Multi Bounding Volume Hierarchy (MBVH) trees. We apply MBVH to a fixed-function ray tracing accelerator architecture. According to cycle-level simulations and power analysis, MBVH reduces energy per frame by an average of 24% and improves performance per area by 19% in scenes with incoherent rays, due to its compact memory layout which reduces DRAM traffic. With primary rays, energy efficiency improves by 15% and performance per area by 20%.
- Alvarez, M., Salami, E., Ramirez, A., and Valero, M. 2007. Performance impact of unaligned memory operations in SIMD extensions for video codec applications. In IEEE Int. Symp. Performance Analysis of Systems Software, 62--71.Google Scholar
- Chandrasekar, K., Weis, C., Li, Y., Akesson, B., Wehn, N., and Goossens, K., 2012. DRAM-Power: Open-source DRAM power & energy estimation tool. http://www.drampower.info.Google Scholar
- Dammertz, H., Hanika, J., and Keller, A. 2008. Shallow bounding volume hierarchies for fast SIMD ray tracing of incoherent rays. Comput. Graph. Forum 27, 4, 1225--1233. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Doyle, M. J., Fowler, C., and Manzke, M. 2013. A hardware unit for fast SAH-optimised BVH construction. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 4, 139. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ernst, M., and Greiner, G. 2008. Multi bounding volume hierarchies. In IEEE Symp. Interactive Ray Tracing, 35--40.Google Scholar
- Galal, S., and Horowitz, M. 2011. Energy-efficient floating-point unit design. IEEE Trans. Comp. 60, 7, 913--922. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Guthe, M. 2014. Latency considerations of depth-first GPU ray tracing. In Eurographics (Short Papers), 53--56.Google Scholar
- Hwang, S. J., Lee, J., Shin, Y., Lee, W.-J., and Ryu, S. 2015. A mobile ray tracing engine with hybrid number representations. In SIGGRAPH Asia Mobile Graph. Interact. Appl., 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kim, Y., Yang, W., and Mutlu, O. 2016. Ramulator: A fast and extensible DRAM simulator. IEEE Comp. Arch. Letters 15, 1 (Jan), 45--49. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Knuth, D. E. 1999. The Art of Computer Programming: Volume 3: Sorting and Searching, vol. 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lee, W., Shin, Y., Lee, J., Kim, J., Nah, J., Jung, S., Lee, S., Park, H., and Han, T. 2013. SGRT: A mobile GPU architecture for real-time ray tracing. In Proc. High-Performance Graph., 109--119. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lee, J., Lee, W.-J., Shin, Y., Hwang, S., Ryu, S., and Kim, J. 2014. Two-AABB traversal for mobile real-time ray tracing. In SIGGRAPH Asia Mobile Graph. Interact. Appl., 14. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Markstein, P. 2004. Software division and square root using Goldschmidt's algorithms. In Proc. Conf. Real Numbers and Comp., vol. 123, 146--157.Google Scholar
- Muralimanohar, N., Balasubramonian, R., and Jouppi, N. P. 2009. CACTI 6.0: A tool to model large caches. HP Laboratories, 22--31.Google Scholar
- Nah, J.-H., Kwon, H.-J., Kim, D.-S., Jeong, C.-H., Park, J., Han, T.-D., Manocha, D., and Park, W.-C. 2014. Ray-Core: A ray-tracing hardware architecture for mobile devices. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 5, 162. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vaidyanathan, K., Akenine-Möller, T., and Salvi, M. 2016. Watertight ray traversal with reduced precision. In Proc. High-Performance Graph-, Eurographics Association, 33--40. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wald, I., Benthin, C., and Boulos, S. 2008. Getting rid of packets - efficient SIMD single-ray traversal using multi-branching BVHs. In IEEE Symp. Interact. Ray Tracing, 49--57.Google Scholar
- Wald, I. 2004. Realtime Ray Tracing and Interactive Global Illumination. PhD thesis, Saarland University, Germany.Google Scholar
- Woop, S., Schmittler, J., and Slusallek, P. 2005. RPU: a programmable ray processing unit for realtime ray tracing. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3, 434--444. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
Multi bounding volume hierarchies for ray tracing pipelines
Recommendations
GPU Ray Tracing Based on Reduced Bounding Volume Hierarchies
CGIV '12: Proceedings of the 2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and VisualizationWe present a bounding volume hierarchy construction based on a culling technique for performing ray tracing on manycore GPUs. The objects are divided into view-sets of triangles with respect to a set of view targets (including the camera and the light ...
Ray tracing-based interactive diffuse indirect illumination
Despite great efforts in recent years to accelerate global illumination computation, the real-time ray tracing of fully dynamic scenes to support photorealistic indirect illumination effects has yet to be achieved in computer graphics. In this paper, we ...
Distributed ray tracing
Ray tracing is one of the most elegant techniques in computer graphics. Many phenomena that are difficult or impossible with other techniques are simple with ray tracing, including shadows, reflections, and refracted light. Ray directions, however, ...
Comments