Abstract
In order to test the performance and verify the correctness of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the timing constraints on the system behavior must be met. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) can efficiently and succinctly capture the timing constraints of a given system model. However, many timing constraints on CPS are more naturally expressed in terms of events on signals. While it is possible to specify event-based timing constraints in STL, such statements can quickly become long and arcane in even simple systems. Timing constraints for CPS, which can be large and complex systems, are often associated with tolerances, the expression of which can make the timing constraints even more cumbersome using STL. This paper proposes a new logic, Timestamp Temporal Logic (TTL), to provide a definitional extension of STL that more intuitively expresses the timing constraints of distributed CPS. TTL also allows for a more natural expression of timing tolerances. Additionally, this paper outlines a methodology to automatically generate logic code and programs to monitor the expressed timing constraints. Since our TTL monitoring logic evaluates the timing constraints using only the timestamps of the required events on the signal, the TTL monitoring logic has significantly less memory footprint when compared to traditional STL monitoring logic, which stores the signal value at the required sampling frequency. The key contribution of this paper is a scalable approach for online monitoring of the timing constraints. We demonstrate the capabilities of TTL and our methodology for online monitoring of TTL constraints on two case studies: 1) Synchronization and phase control of two generators and, 2) Simultaneous image capture using distributed cameras for 3D image reconstruction.
- The grid code (february 2017) issue 5, revision 20.Google Scholar
- 2016. NIST Cyber Physical Systems Program. https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cyber-physical-systems-program. (2016). {Online; accessed 12-September-2016}.Google Scholar
- Rajeev Alur, Tomás Feder, and Thomas A Henzinger. 1996. The benefits of relaxing punctuality. Journal of the ACM (JACM) 43, 1 (1996), 116--146. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Andreas Bauer et al. 2006. Monitoring of real-time properties. In International Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. Springer. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Johan Bengtsson et al. 1996. UPPAAL - a tool suite for automatic verification of real-time systems. In Hybrid Systems III. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh et al. 2015. Robust online monitoring of signal temporal logic. In Runtime Verification. Springer.Google Scholar
- Alexandre Donzé. 2010. Breach, a toolbox for verification and parameter synthesis of hybrid systems. In CAV. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Alexandre Donzé et al. 2012. On temporal logic and signal processing. In International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis. Springer, 92--106. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Georgios Fainekos et al. 2009. Robustness of temporal logic specifications for continuous-time signals. Theoretical Computer Science 410 (2009). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Goran Frehse et al. 2011. SpaceEx: Scalable verification of hybrid systems. In CAV. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Thomas A. Henzinger et al. 1997. HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems. In CAV. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society. 2002. IEEE 1588 standard for a precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement and control systems (IEEE Std 1588-2002). (2002).Google Scholar
- Stefan Jakšić et al. 2015. From signal temporal logic to FPGA monitors. In Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE), 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on. IEEE. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ron Koymans. 1990. Specifying real-time properties with metric temporal logic. Real-time Systems 2, 4 (1990), 255--299. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Oded Maler and Dejan Nickovic. Monitoring temporal properties of continuous signals. In FTRTFT 2004. Springer.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Oded Maler et al. 2008. Checking temporal properties of discrete, timed and continuous behaviors. In Pillars of Computer Science. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Oded Maler et al. 2013. Monitoring properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 15 (2013).Google Scholar
- D Mills. 1989. Network time protocol (version 2) specification and implementation; RFC-1119. Internet Requests for Comments1119 (1989). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Dejan Nickovic and Oded Maler. 2007. AMT: A property-based monitoring tool for analog systems. In FORMATS. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Aviral Shrivastava et al. 2016. Time in cyber-physical systems. In Proc. of CODES+ISSS. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Aviral Shrivastava et al. 2017. A testbed to verify the timing behavior of cyber-physical systems. In Proceedings of The 54th Annual Design Automation Conference). Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
Timestamp Temporal Logic (TTL) for Testing the Timing of Cyber-Physical Systems
Recommendations
Validating EAST-ADL Timing Constraints Using UPPAAL
SEAA '13: Proceedings of the 2013 39th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced ApplicationsSystematic and formal development approaches for safety- and mission-critical systems are of increasing importance. These systems are often implemented as periodically triggered control systems, to ensure deterministic and analyzable timing behavior. ...
Timing Constraints of Real-Time Systems: Constructs for Expressing Them, Methods of Validating Them
This paper examines timing constraints as features of realtime systems. It investigates the various constructs required in requirements languages to express timing constraints and considers how automatic test systems can validate systems that include ...
An Efficient Timestamp-Based Monitoring Approach to Test Timing Constraints of Cyber-Physical Systems
2018 55th ACM/ESDA/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)Formal specifications on temporal behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is essential for verification of performance and safety. Existing solutions for verifying the satisfaction of temporal constraints on a CPS are compute and resource intensive since ...






Comments