skip to main content
research-article

On Making Data Actionable: How Activists Use Imperfect Data to Foster Social Change for Human Rights Violations in Mexico

Published:06 December 2017Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

In this paper, we examine how activist organizations, focused on human rights violations (HRVs) in Mexico, obtain and translate data to produce actionable insight for social change. Through interviews with 15 participants working in think tanks, human rights centers, non-governmental organizations, and nonprofit organizations, we identified two key data challenges that impact their work: absent and conflicting data. We then describe how these nonprofits try to understand these issues by building alliances to address specific, detrimental knowledge and data gaps. Next, we articulate how these activists use data to work towards social change by informing citizens, requesting action, and building capacity. Lastly, we propose recommendations on how to design for HRVs-focused data practices, focusing on issues related to addressing technology and infrastructure constraints, designing for safety, and supporting community data collection and dissemination.

References

  1. Richard P. Adler and Judy Goggin. 2016. What Do We Mean By "Civic Engagement"? Journal of Transformative Education 3, 3: 236--253.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Mariam Asad and Christopher A. Le Dantec. 2017. Tap the "Make This Public" Button: A Design:Based Inquiry into Issue Advocacy and Digital Civics. 6304--6316. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Mara Balestrini, Yvonne Rogers, and Paul Marshall. 2015. Civically engaged HCI: tensions between novelty and social impact. 35--36. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Jeremy P. Birnholtz and Matthew J. Bietz. 2003. Data at work: supporting sharing in science and engineering. In Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work, 339--348. Retrieved April 26, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=958215 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Jan Blom, Divya Viswanathan, Mirjana Spasojevic, Janet Go, Karthik Acharya, and Robert Ahonius. 2010. Fear and the city: role of mobile services in harnessing safety and security in urban use contexts. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1841--1850. Retrieved April 27, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1753602 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Kirsten Boehner and Carl DiSalvo. 2016. Data, Design and Civics: An Exploratory Study of Civic Tech. 2970--2981. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Chris Bopp, Ellie Harmon, and Amy Voida. Disempowered by Data: Nonprofits, Social Enterprises, and the Consequences of Data-Driven Work. In Press Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17). Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Christine L. Borgman, Jillian C. Wallis, and Noel Enyedy. 2007. Little science confronts the data deluge: habitat ecology, embedded sensor networks, and digital libraries. International Journal on Digital Libraries 7, 1-2: 17--30. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting things out: classification and its consequences. The MIT Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. CÁMARA DE DIPUTADOS DEL H. CONGRESO DE LA UNIÓN. 1994. LEY FEDERAL PARA PREVENIR Y SANCIONAR LA TORTURA. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/129.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Montserrat Carboni, Raúl Ramírez Baena, José A. Guevara B., Paulina Vega González, Nancy López, Karine Bonneau, Jimena Reyes, and Natalia Yaya. Mexico: Report on the alleged commission of crimes against humanity in Baja California between 2006 and 2012. FIDH - International Federation for Human Rights. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from http://www.cmdpdh.org/publicaciones-pdf/cmdpdh_mexico_report_on_the_alleged_commission_of_crimes_against_humanity_in_baja_california_2006_2012.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Andrés Cassinelli and Javier Fernández. 2007. Mexico: Electronic Infrastructure. Retrieved June 20, 2007 from https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/2006-07/latin-america/mexicoInfrastructure.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. CDMX. 2016. Vive Segura CDMX. CDMX. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mx.gob.df.inmujeres.app.vivesegura&hl=esGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Mariana Cendejas. 2015. ¿Cuál cultura de la legalidad? El Universal. Retrieved from http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/blogs/observatorio-nacional-ciudadano/2015/07/29/cual-cultura-de-la-legalidadGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, A.C. 2015. Human Rights Violations in the context of the War on Drugs in Mexico. Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from http://www.cmdpdh.org/publicaciones-pdf/cmdpdh-violaciones-graves-a-ddhh-en-la-guerra-contra-las-drogas-en-mexico.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Comité Cerezo México. 2011. Informe sobre la desaparición forzada en México 2011. Comité Cerezo México. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from https://www.comitecerezo.org/IMG/pdf/_espanol_informe_sobre_la_desaparicion_forzada_en_mexico_2011_gtdfonu_21-03-11.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Clara Crivellaro, Rob Comber, John Bowers, Peter C. Wright, and Patrick Olivier. 2014. A pool of dreams: facebook, politics and the emergence of a social movement. 3573--3582. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Cultura de la Legalidad. 2012. ¿Qué es Cultura de la Legalidad? Cultura de la Legalidad. Retrieved April 20, 2017 from http://www.culturadelalegalidad.org.mx/Qu%C3%A9-es-Cultura-de-la-Legalidad-c53i0.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Jimena David, Jonathan Furszyfer, and Jesús Gallegos. 2017. Cada víctima cuenta: hacia un sistema de información delictiva confiable. México Evalúa, Centro de Análisis de Políticas Públicas A.C. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://mexicoevalua.org/2017/03/07/cada-victima-cuenta-hacia-un-sistema-de-informacion-delictiva-confiable/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Jimena David, Jonathan Furszyfer, and Jesús Gallegos. 2017. Pruebas sobre subregistro delictivo. México Evalúa, Centro de Análisis de Políticas Públicas A.C. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://mexicoevalua.org/2017/03/16/pruebas-sobre-subregistro-delictivo/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Jimena David, Jonathan Furszyfer, and Jesús Gallegos. 2017. ¿Podrían las procuradurías estatales estar ocultando el número de homicidios dolosos? México Evalúa, Centro de Análisis de Políticas Públicas A.C. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://mexicoevalua.org/2017/03/30/podrian-las-procuradurias-estatales-estar-ocultando-el-numero-de-homicidios-dolosos/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Patricia Davila. 2017. Gobiernos de 19 estados manipulan cifras de homicidios: México Evalúa. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/477092/gobiernos-19-estados-manipulan-cifras-homicidios-mexico-evaluaGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Jill P. Dimond, Michaelanne Dye, Daphne LaRose, and Amy S. Bruckman. 2013. Hollaback!: the role of storytelling online in a social movement organization. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 477--490. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2441831 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Lynn Dombrowski, Jed R. Brubaker, Sen H. Hirano, Melissa Mazmanian, and Gillian R. Hayes. 2013. It takes a network to get dinner: designing location-based systems to address local food needs. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing, 519--528. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2493493 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Hamid Ekbia and Bonnie Nardi. 2016. Social Inequality and HCI: The View from Political Economy. 4997--5002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Sheena L. Erete, Emily Ryou, Geoff Smith, Khristina Marie Fassett, and Sarah Duda. 2016. Storytelling with Data: Examining the Use of Data by Non-Profit Organizations. 1271--1281. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Daniel Fallman. 2008. The interaction design research triangle of design practice, design studies, and design exploration. Design Issues 24, 3: 4--18.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  28. Ixchel M. Faniel and Trond E. Jacobsen. 2010. Reusing Scientific Data: How Earthquake Engineering Researchers Assess the Reusability of Colleagues? Data. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 19, 3--4: 355--375. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Shelly Farnham, David Keyes, Vicky Yuki, and Chris Tugwell. 2012. Puget sound off: fostering youth civic engagement through citizen journalism. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 285--294. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2145251 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Guo Freeman, Jeffrey Bardzell, and Shaowen Bardzell. 2017. Aspirational Design and Messy Democracy: Partisanship, Policy, and Hope in an Asian City. 404--416. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. Jeremy Goecks, Amy Voida, Stephen Voida, and Elizabeth D. Mynatt. 2008. Charitable technologies: Opportunities for collaborative computing in nonprofit fundraising. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 689--698. Retrieved June 27, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1460669 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. Eric Gordon, Becky Michelson, and Jason Haas. 2016. @ Stake: A Game to Facilitate the Process of Deliberative Democracy. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion, 269--272. Retrieved June 27, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2869125 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. Eric Gordon and Paul Mihailidis. Civic Media: Technology, Design, Practice. The MIT Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. Derek L. Hansen, Jes A. Koepfler, Paul T. Jaeger, John C. Bertot, and Tracy Viselli. 2014. Civic action brokering platforms: facilitating local engagement with ACTion Alexandria. 1308--1322. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Mike Harding, Bran Knowles, Nigel Davies, and Mark Rouncefield. 2015. HCI, Civic Engagement & Trust. 2833--2842. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. Ellie Harmon, Matthias Korn, and Amy Voida. 2017. Supporting Everyday Philanthropy: Care Work In Situ and at Scale. 1631--1645. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. John Harvey, David Golightly, and Andrew Smith. 2014. HCI as a means to prosociality in the economy. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems, 2955--2964. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2557367 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. Kimberly Heinle, Cory Molzahn, and David A. Shirk. 2015. Drug Violence in Mexico: Data and Analysis Through 2014. University of San Diego: Department of Political Science & International Relations. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from https://justiceinmexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-Drug-Violence-in-Mexico-final.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  39. INCIDE Social. Observatorio de política social y derechos humanos. Website. Retrieved from http://observatoriopoliticasocial.org/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 2011. Estadística de defunciones generales Síntesis metodológica. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Retrieved from http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/702825063597.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  41. Juho Kim, Eun-Young Ko, Jonghyuk Jung, Chang Won Lee, Nam Wook Kim, and Jihee Kim. 2015. Factful: Engaging Taxpayers in the Public Discussion of a Government Budget. 2843--2852. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  42. Krieger Electronics. 2016. Mapatón. Krieger Electronics. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mx.krieger.mapatonGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. Krieger Electronics. 2017. CincoD - Vecino Vigilante. Krieger Electronics. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=mx.krieger.cincod&hl=enGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Christopher A. Le Dantec. 2016. Design through collective action/collective action through design. interactions 24, 1: 24--30. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  45. Christopher A. Le Dantec and Mariam Asad. 2015. Illegitimate Civic Participation: Supporting Community Activists on the Ground. 1717--1727.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  46. Christopher A. Le Dantec, Mariam Asad, Aditi Misra, and Kari E. Watkins. 2015. Planning with Crowdsourced Data: Rhetoric and Representation in Transportation Planning. 1717--1727. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  47. Silvia Lindtner, Shaowen Bardzell, and Jeffrey Bardzell. 2016. Reconstituting the Utopian Vision of Making: HCI After Technosolutionism. 1390--1402. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  48. Jorge Martinez. 2015. Cifras de Inegi contradicen las del SNSP. Milenio. Retrieved from http://www.milenio.com/policia/Cifras-Inegi-contradicen-SNSP_0_559744095.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  49. Donald McMillan, Alistair Morrison, and Matthew Chalmers. 2013. Categorised ethical guidelines for large scale mobile HCI. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1853--1862. Retrieved July 10, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2466245 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  50. Jose Merino and Jessica Zarkin. 2014. Homicidios en 2013 (son más de lo que nos contaron). Animal Político. Retrieved from http://www.animalpolitico.com/blogueros-salir-de-dudas/2014/12/22/homicidios-en-2013-son-mas-de-lo-que-nos-contaron/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  51. Neil J. Mitchell and James M. McCormick. 1988. Economic and Political Explanations of Human Rights Violations. World Politics 40, 04: 476--498.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  52. Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Shelly Farnham, Emre Kiciman, Scott Counts, and Munmun De Choudhury. 2013. Smart societies: from citizens as sensors to collective action. interactions 20, 4: 16--19. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  53. Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Emre Kiciman, Munmun De Choudhury, Scott Counts, and others. 2013. The new war correspondents: The rise of civic media curation in urban warfare. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 1443--1452. Retrieved April 27, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2441938 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  54. Lucas Morales, Travis Mick, Kurt Lyell, and Alex Fielder. 2017. Toward an Open Platform for Organized, Gamified Volunteerism. 259--262. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  55. Tapan S. Parikh. 2009. Engineering rural development. Communications of the ACM 52, 1: 54--63. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  56. Kathleen H. Pine and Max Liboiron. 2015. The Politics of Measurement and Action. 3147--3156. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  57. Rossana Ramirez Dagio and Carlos Ernesto Gonzalez Zarate. ¿Qué son los Derechos Humanos y Cómo se Defienden? Comisión Mexicana de Defensa Y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, A.C. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from http://cmdpdh.org/publicaciones-pdf/cmdpdh-que-son-los-derechos-humanos-y-como-se-defienden.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  58. Leticia Ramírez de Alba, Leslie Solís, and Néstor de Buen. 2012. Indicadores de Víctimas Visibles e Invisibles de Homicidio. México Evalúa, Centro de Análisis Políticas Públicas, A.C. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from http://mexicoevalua.org/2011/08/01/indicadores-de-victimas-visibles-e-invisibles-de-homicidio/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  59. Betsy Rolland and Charlotte P. Lee. 2013. Beyond trust and reliability: reusing data in collaborative cancer epidemiology research. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 435--444. Retrieved April 26, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2441826 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  60. Senado de la República. 2015. Gaceta del Senado. Retrieved December 10, 2016 from http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2015-12-14-1/assets/documentos/gaceta1.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  61. SESNSP: Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública. 2017. Cifras de homicidio doloso, secuestro, extorsión y robo de vehículos 1997--2017. SESNSP: Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública. Retrieved from http://secretariadoejecutivo.gob.mx/docs/pdfs/cifras%20de%20homicidio%20doloso%20secuestro%20etc/HDSECEXTRV_032017.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  62. Nik Steinberg. 2011. Neither Rights Nor Security. Killings, Torture, and Disappearances in Mexico's: War on Drugs by Human Rights Watch Organization. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/mexico1111webwcover_0.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  63. Jennifer Stoll, W. Keith Edwards, and Kirsten A. Foot. 2012. Between us and them: building connectedness within civic networks. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 237--240. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2145240 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  64. Jennifer Stoll, W. Keith Edwards, and Elizabeth D. Mynatt. 2010. Interorganizational coordination and awareness in a nonprofit ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 51--60. Retrieved June 27, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1718930 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  65. Kentaro Toyama. 2015. Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology. PublicAffairs.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  66. Doria del Mar Vélez Salas and Manuel Alejandro Vélez Salas. 2017. Desapariciones forzadas e involuntarias: El registro estadístico de la desaparición: ¿delito o circunstancia? Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano. Retrieved April 25, 2016 from http://onc.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/fasciculo-desapariciones_digital.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  67. Amy Voida, Kevin Grimley, Luke Cox, Aubrey Neeley, Christopher Goodyear, Ellie Harmon, Willa Weller, Aubrey Thornsbury, Ariana Casale, Samuel Vance, Forrest Adams, Zach Hoffman, and Alex Schmidt. 2017. Competing Currencies: Designing for Politics in Units of Measurement. 847--860. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  68. Amy Voida, Ellie Harmon, and Ban Al-Ani. 2011. Homebrew databases: Complexities of everyday information management in nonprofit organizations. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 915--924. Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1979078 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  69. Amy Voida, Ellie Harmon, and Ban Al-Ani. 2012. Bridging between organizations and the public: volunteer coordinators' uneasy relationship with social computing. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1967--1976. Retrieved June 27, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2208341 Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  70. Alyson L. Young and Wayne G. Lutters. 2015. (Re)defining Land Change Science through Synthetic Research Practices. 431--442. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  71. Alyson L. Young and Wayne G. Lutters. 2017. Infrastructuring for Cross-Disciplinary Synthetic Science: Meta-Study Research in Land System Science. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 26, 1--2: 165--203. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  72. Ann Zimmerman. 2007. Not by metadata alone: the use of diverse forms of knowledge to locate data for reuse. International Journal on Digital Libraries 7, 1/2: 5--16. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  73. 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=engGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  74. 2012. Cómo funciona la Vigilancia por Cuadrantes en el DF. Noticieros Televisa. Retrieved June 20, 2017 from http://noticierostelevisa.esmas.com/especiales/489412/sistema-vigilancia-cuadrantes-distrito-federal/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  75. 2016. Atrocidades innegables: Confrontando crímenes de lesa humanidad en México. Open Society Foundations. Retrieved October 21, 2016 from https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/undeniable-atrocities-esp-2nd-edition.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  76. 2016. Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE) 2016. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Retrieved from http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/proyectos/enchogares/regulares/envipe/2016/doc/presentacion.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  77. Denuncia Ecatepec. Denuncia Ecatepec. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/DenunciaEcatepec/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. On Making Data Actionable: How Activists Use Imperfect Data to Foster Social Change for Human Rights Violations in Mexico

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in

      Full Access

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader
      About Cookies On This Site

      We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

      Learn more

      Got it!