Abstract
The article presents an analysis of drive workloads from enterprise storage systems. The drive workloads are obtained from field return units from a cross-section of enterprise storage system vendors and thus provides a view of the workload characteristics over a wide spectrum of end-user applications. The workload parameters that have been characterized include transfer lengths, access patterns, throughput, and utilization. The study shows that reads are the dominant workload accounting for 80% of the accesses to the drive. Writes are dominated by short block random accesses while reads range from random to highly sequential. A trend analysis over the period 2010–2014 shows that the workload has remained fairly constant even as the capacities of the drives shipped has steadily increased. The study shows that the data stored on disk drives is relatively cold—on average less than 4% of the drive capacity is accessed in a given 2h interval.
- Y. Chen, K. Srinivasan, G. Goodson, and R. Katz. 2011. Design implications for enterprise storage systems via multi-dimensional trace analysis. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP’11). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- I. Cano S. Aiyar, and A. Krishnamurthy. 2016. Characterizing private clouds: A large-scale empirical analysis of enterprise clusters. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC'16). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- A. Gulati, C. Kumar, and I. Ahmad. 2009. Storage workload characterization and consolidation in virtualized environments. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Virtualization Performance: Analysis, Characterization, and Tools (VPACT’09).Google Scholar
- G. Graefe. 2009. The five-minute rule 20 years later. 2009. Commun. ACM, 52, 7 (July 2009), 48--59. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- J. Gray and G. Putzolu. 1987. The 5-minute rule for trading memory for disk accesses and the 10-byte rule for trading memory for CPU time. ACM SIGMOD 16, 3 (1987), 395--398. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- S. Kavalanekar, B. Worthington, Q. Zhang, and V. Sharda. 2008. Characterization of storage workload traces from production windows servers. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization, IISSWC 2008.Google Scholar
- A. Leung, S. Pasupathy, G. Goodson, and E. Miller. 2008. Measurement and analysis of large-scale network file system workloads. In Proceedings of the 2008 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- A. Riska and E. Riedel. 2009. Evaluation of disk-level workloads at different time-scales. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISSWC'09). Google Scholar
Digital Library
- A. Riska and E. Riedel. 2006. Disk drive level workload characterization. In Proceedings of the 2006 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- D. Roselli, J. Lorch, and T. Anderson. 2000. A comparison of file system workloads. In Proceedings of the 2000 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
Workload Characterization for Enterprise Disk Drives
Recommendations
Thermal analysis of helium-filled enterprise disk drive
Enterprise hard disk drives (HDDs) are widely used in high-end storage systems for data center. One of key performance requirements for enterprise HDDs is data access rate, which demands very high rotational speed (e.g. 15 k rpm or more) to permit fast ...
Disk drive level workload characterization
ATEC '06: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical ConferenceIn this paper, we present a characterization of disk drive workloads measured in systems representing the enterprise, desktop, and consumer electronics environments. We observe that the common characteristics across all traces are disk drive idleness ...
Reliability and security of RAID storage systems and D2D archives using SATA disk drives
Information storage reliability and security is addressed by using personal computer disk drives in enterprise-class nearline and archival storage systems. The low cost of these serial ATA (SATA) PC drives is a tradeoff against drive reliability design ...






Comments