Colin Ware
Abstract
Times for virtual object rotations reported in the literature are of the order of 10 seconds or more and this is far longer than it takes to manually orient a “real” object, such as a cup. This is a report of a series of experiments designed to investigate the reasons for this difference and to help design interfaces for object manipulation. The results suggest that two major factors are important. Having the hand physically in the same location as the virtual object being manipulated is one. The other is based on whether the object is being rotatted to a new, randomly determined orientation, or is always rotated to the same position. Making the object held in the hand have the same physical shape as the object being visually manipulated was not found to be a significant factor. The results are discussed in the context of interactive virtual environments.
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Index Terms
Rotating virtual objects with real handles
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Reviews
Licia Calvi
Experiments dealing with object rotation are described. In particular, the authors are interested in analyzing the time difference between rotating a real object and rotating a virtual object. In the literature, the time required to rotate a virtual object is claimed to amount to 10 seconds, which according to the authors is far greater than the time needed to rotate a real object. Their experiments investigate this issue by identifying a series of factors that affect the rotation process. They include rotation to a constant end position and the constancy of the physical location of the hand holding the object, both for virtual and for real objects. The experiments are well designed, and their explanations are thorough and detailed. My only concern has to do with the methodology. First, no control group seems to have been used to test the hypotheses formulated for each experiment. Second, the same 12 or 13 subjects took part in all of the experiments. Since the experiments are connected, this might bias the results.
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