skip to main content
research-article

Adaptive Resource Allocation for Computation Offloading: A Control-Theoretic Approach

Published:03 April 2019Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Although mobile devices today have powerful hardware and networking capabilities, they fall short when it comes to executing compute-intensive applications. Computation offloading (i.e., delegating resource-consuming tasks to servers located at the edge of the network) contributes toward moving to a mobile cloud computing paradigm. In this work, a two-level resource allocation and admission control mechanism for a cluster of edge servers offers an alternative choice to mobile users for executing their tasks. At the lower level, the behavior of edge servers is modeled by a set of linear systems, and linear controllers are designed to meet the system’s constraints and quality of service metrics, whereas at the upper level, an optimizer tackles the problems of load balancing and application placement toward the maximization of the number the offloaded requests. The evaluation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed offloading mechanism regarding the performance indicators, such as application average response time, and the optimal utilization of the computational resources of edge servers.

References

  1. Marco V. Barbera, Sokol Kosta, Alessandro Mei, and Julinda Stefa. 2013. To offload or not to offload? The bandwidth and energy costs of mobile cloud computing. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE INFOCOM. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1285--1293.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Arani Bhattacharya and Pradipta De. 2017. A survey of adaptation techniques in computation offloading. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 78 (2017), 97--115. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Franco Blanchini and Stefano Miani. 2008. Set-Theoretic Methods in Control. Springer. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Zhen Cao and Panagiotis Papadimitriou. 2016. Collaborative content caching in wireless edge with SDN. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Content Caching and Delivery in Wireless Networks. ACM, New York, NY, 6. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Valeria Cardellini, Vittoria De Nitto Personé, Valerio Di Valerio, Francisco Facchinei, Vincenzo Grassi, Francesco Lo Presti, and Veronica Piccialli. 2016. A game-theoretic approach to computation offloading in mobile cloud computing. Mathematical Programming 157, 2 (2016), 421--449. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Sanjeeb Dash. 2005. Exponential lower bounds on the lengths of some classes of branch-and-cut proofs. Mathematics of Operations Research 30, 3 (2005), 678--700. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Dimitrios Dechouniotis, Nikolaos Leontiou, Nikolaos Athanasopoulos, George Bitsoris, and Spyros Denazis. 2012. ACRA: A unified admission control and resource allocation framework for virtualized environments. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Network and Service Management. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 145--149. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Dimitrios Dechouniotis, Nikolaos Leontiou, Nikolaos Athanasopoulos, Athanasios Christakidis, and Spyros Denazis. 2015. A control-theoretic approach towards joint admission control and resource allocation of cloud computing services. International Journal of Network Management 25, 3 (2015), 159--180. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. GLPK-YALMIP. 2016. Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Solver. Retrieved June 24, 2018 from https://yalmip.github.io/solver/glpk/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Dinh Thai Hoang, Dusit Niyato, and Ping Wang. 2012. Optimal admission control policy for mobile cloud computing hotspot with cloudlet. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC’12). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 3145--3149.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Fatemeh Jalali, Kerry Hinton, Robert Ayre, Tansu Alpcan, and Rodney S. Tucker. 2016. Fog computing may help to save energy in cloud computing. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, 5 (2016), 1728--1739.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Mike Jia, Weifa Liang, Zichuan Xu, and Meitian Huang. 2016. Cloudlet load balancing in wireless metropolitan area networks. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2016—The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1--9.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. Haleh Khojasteh, Jelena Misic, and Vojislav Misic. 2016. Prioritization of overflow tasks to improve performance of mobile cloud. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing 7, 1, 287--297.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. Abbas Kiani and Nirwan Ansari. 2017. Optimal code partitioning over time and hierarchical cloudlets. IEEE Communications Letters 22, 1, 181--184.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Ilya Kolmanovsky and Elmer G. Gilbert. 1998. Theory and computation of disturbance invariant sets for discrete-time linear systems. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 4, 4 (1998), 317--367.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. Karthik Kumar, Jibang Liu, Yung-Hsiang Lu, and Bharat Bhargava. 2013. A survey of computation offloading for mobile systems. Mobile Networks and Applications 18, 1 (2013), 129--140. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Nikolaos Leontiou, Dimitrios Dechouniotis, Nikolaos Athanasopoulos, and Spyros Denazis. 2014. On load balancing and resource allocation in cloud services. In Proceedings of the 2014 22nd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED’14). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 773--778.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. Nikolaos Leontiou, Dimitrios Dechouniotis, Spyros Denazis, and Symeon Papavassiliou. 2018. A hierarchical control framework of load balancing and resource allocation of cloud computing services. Computers and Electrical Engineering 67 (2018), 235--251.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. Mengyu Liu and Yuan Liu. 2017. Price-based distributed offloading for mobile-edge computing with computation capacity constraints. arXiv:1712.00599.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Redowan Mahmud, Ramamohanarao Kotagiri, and Rajkumar Buyya. 2018. Fog computing: A taxonomy, survey and future directions. In Internet of Everything. Springer, 103--130.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Spyros Makridakis, Steven C. Wheelwright, and Rob J. Hyndman. 2008. Forecasting Methods and Applications. John Wiley 8 Sons.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Hassan Raei and Nasser Yazdani. 2017. Analytical performance models for resource allocation schemes of cloudlet in mobile cloud computing. Journal of Supercomputing 73, 3 (2017), 1274--1305. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Sasa V. Rakovic, Eric C. Kerrigan, Konstantinos I. Kouramas, and David Q. Mayne. 2005. Invariant approximations of the minimal robust positively invariant set. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 50, 3 (2005), 406--410.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  24. Zohreh Sanaei, Saeid Abolfazli, Abdullah Gani, and Rajkumar Buyya. 2014. Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: Taxonomy and open challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 16, 1 (2014), 369--392.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  25. Mahadev Satyanarayanan, Paramvir Bahl, Ramón Caceres, and Nigel Davies. 2009. The case for VM-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing 8, 4 (2009), 14--23. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Mahadev Satyanarayanan, Rolf Schuster, Maria Ebling, Gerhard Fettweis, Hannu Flinck, Kaustubh Joshi, and Krishan Sabnani. 2015. An open ecosystem for mobile-cloud convergence. IEEE Communications Magazine 53, 3 (2015), 63--70.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  27. Manoel C. Silva Filho, Raysa L. Oliveira, Claudio C. Monteiro, Pedro R. M. Inácio, and Mário M. Freire. 2017. CloudSim Plus: A cloud computing simulation framework pursuing software engineering principles for improved modularity, extensibility and correctness. In Proceedings of the 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM’17). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 400--406.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Xiang Sun and Nirwan Ansari. 2017. Avaptive avatar handoff in the cloudlet network. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing (2017). To be published.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. P. E. Wellstead and M. B. Zarrop. 1991. Self-Tuning Systems: Control and Signal Processing. John Wiley 8 Sons. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Qiufen Xia, Weifa Liang, Zichuan Xu, and Bingbing Zhou. 2014. Online algorithms for location-aware task offloading in two-tiered mobile cloud environments. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC’14). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 109--116. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. Zichuan Xu, Weifa Liang, Wenzheng Xu, Mike Jia, and Song Guo. 2015. Capacitated cloudlet placements in wireless metropolitan area networks. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 40th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN’15). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 570--578. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. Yang Zhang, Dusit Niyato, and Ping Wang. 2015. Offloading in mobile cloudlet systems with intermittent connectivity. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 14, 12 (2015), 2516--2529. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Adaptive Resource Allocation for Computation Offloading: A Control-Theoretic Approach

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in

        Full Access

        • Published in

          cover image ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
          ACM Transactions on Internet Technology  Volume 19, Issue 2
          Special Issue on Fog, Edge, and Cloud Integration
          May 2019
          288 pages
          ISSN:1533-5399
          EISSN:1557-6051
          DOI:10.1145/3322882
          • Editor:
          • Ling Liu
          Issue’s Table of Contents

          Copyright © 2019 ACM

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          • Published: 3 April 2019
          • Accepted: 1 October 2018
          • Revised: 1 August 2018
          • Received: 1 December 2017
          Published in toit Volume 19, Issue 2

          Permissions

          Request permissions about this article.

          Request Permissions

          Check for updates

          Qualifiers

          • research-article
          • Research
          • Refereed

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        HTML Format

        View this article in HTML Format .

        View HTML Format
        About Cookies On This Site

        We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

        Learn more

        Got it!