research-article

Borders and gateways: measuring and analyzing national as chokepoints

Authors:

Kirtus G. Leyba,

Benjamin Edwards,

Cynthia Freeman,

Jedidiah R. Crandall, and

Stephanie ForrestAuthors Info & Claims

COMPASS '19: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies

July 2019

Pages 184 - 194

https://doi.org/10.1145/3314344.3332502

Published: 03 July 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Internet topology reflects economic and political constraints that change over time. Although autonomous systems (AS) topology has been measured and modeled for many years, focusing primarily on economic relationships, earlier studies have not quantified how topology is changing with respect to nation-state boundaries. National boundaries are natural points of control for surveillance, censorship, tariffs and data localization. This paper introduces a measure, national choke-point potential (NCP), to characterize how a country's AS topology is organized in terms of BGP paths that can carry traffic across international borders. To study country-level chokepoints, we developed BGP-SAS, an open source, cross platform, efficient set of tools for simulating BGP routing and calculating national chokepoint measures. We use these tools to assess how AS topologies have changed over a ten-year span, finding significant variability among countries, with some increasing their chokepoint potential and others remaining constant, fluctuating, and in some cases declining. Overall, however, most national Internet boundaries have either become more pronounced or remained constant, despite new infrastructure buildouts and increased Internet usage. When compared to independent measures of Internet freedom, we find statistically significant relationships between NCP and Internet freedom.

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579856.3595793
Anderson SSalamatian LBischof ZDainotti ABarford PBarakat CPelsser CBenson TChoffnes D(2022)iGDBProceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3517745.3561443(433-448)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517745.3561443
Leyba KDaymude JYoung JNewman MRexford JForrest S(2022)Cutting Through the Noise to Infer Autonomous System TopologyIEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796874(1609-1618)Online publication date: 2-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796874
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cover image ACM Conferences

COMPASS '19: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies

July 2019

290 pages

ISBN:9781450367141

DOI:10.1145/3314344

Program Chairs:
Jay Chen
NYU-AD
,
Jennifer Mankoff
University of Washington
,
Carla Gomes
Cornell

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

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Published: 03 July 2019

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COMPASS '19: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies

July 3 - 5, 2019

Accra, Ghana

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COMPASS '19 Paper Acceptance Rate 25 of 50 submissions, 50%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 25 of 50 submissions, 50%

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Cited By

Zohaib ASheffey JHoumansadr A(2023)Investigating Traffic Analysis Attacks on Apple iCloud Private RelayProceedings of the 2023 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security10.1145/3579856.3595793(773-784)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579856.3595793
Anderson SSalamatian LBischof ZDainotti ABarford PBarakat CPelsser CBenson TChoffnes D(2022)iGDBProceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3517745.3561443(433-448)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517745.3561443
Leyba KDaymude JYoung JNewman MRexford JForrest S(2022)Cutting Through the Noise to Infer Autonomous System TopologyIEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796874(1609-1618)Online publication date: 2-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796874
Gamero-Garrido ACarisimo EHao SHuffaker BSnoeren ADainotti A(2022)Quantifying Nations’ Exposure to Traffic Observation and Selective TamperingPassive and Active Measurement10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_29(645-674)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_29
Chang DHao SLi ZLiu BLi X(2021)DNSWeight: Quantifying Country-Wise Importance of Domain Name SystemIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2021.31129269(133240-133257)Online publication date: 2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112926
Witono TYazid S(2021)A Review of Internet Topology Research at the Autonomous System LevelProceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology10.1007/978-981-16-2377-6_54(581-598)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2377-6_54

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