Abstract
The energy efficiency and delivery robustness are two critical issues for low duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. The asynchronous receiver-initiated duty-cycling media access control (MAC) protocols have shown their effectiveness through various studies. In receiver-initiated MACs, packet transmission is triggered by the probe of receiver. However, it suffers from the performance degradation incurred by packet collision, especially under bursty traffic. Several protocols have been proposed to address this problem, but their performance is restricted by the unnecessary backoff time and long negotiation process. In this article, we present CD-MAC, an energy-efficient and robust contention-detectable mechanism for addressing the collision-catching problem in receiver-initiated MACs. By exploring the temporal diversity of the acknowledgments, a receiver recognizes the potential senders and subsequently polls individual senders one by one. On that basis, CD-MAC can successfully avoid packet collision even though multiple senders have data packets to transmit to the same receiver. We implement CD-MAC in TinyOS and evaluate its performance on an indoor testbed with single-hop and multi-hop network scenarios. The results show that CD-MAC can significantly improve throughput by 1.72 times compared with the state-of-the-art receiver-initiated MAC protocol under bursty traffic loads. The results also demonstrate that CD-MAC can effectively mitigate the influence of hidden terminal problem and adapt to network dynamics well.
- L. Sherly Puspha Annabel and K. Murugan. 2015. Energy-efficient quorum-based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. ETRI Journal 15, 7 (2015), 5074--5117.Google Scholar
- A. Arora, P. Dutta, S. Bapat, V. Kulathumani, H. Zhang, and V. Naik. 2004. A line in the sand: A wireless sensor network for target detection, classification, and tracking. Computer Networks 46, 5 (2004), 605--634. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Michael Buettner, Gary V. Yee, Eric Anderson, and Richard Han. 2006. X-MAC: A short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’06). ACM, Boulder, Colorado, 307--320.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Gregory Chockler, Murat Demirbas, Seth Gilbert, Calvin Newport, and Tina Nolte. 2005. Consensus and collision detectors in wireless ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC’05). ACM, New York, 197--206.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Domenico De Guglielmo, Giuseppe Anastasi, and Marco Conti. 2013. A localized slot allocation algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (MED-HOC-NET’13). IEEE, ACM, Ajaccio, 89--96.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Ilker Demirkol, Cem Ersoy, and Fatih Alagoz. 2006. MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Magazine 44, 4 (May 2006), 115--121. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Adam Dunkels. 2011. The ContikiMAC Radio Duty Cycling Protocol. SICS Technical Report T2011:13 (2011).Google Scholar
- Prabal Dutta, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Yin Chen, Chieh-Jan Mike Liang, and Andreas Terzis. 2012. A-MAC: A versatile and efficient receiver-initiated link layer for low-power wireless. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 8, 4 (2012), 30:1--30:29. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Omprakash Gnawali, Rodrigo Fonseca, Kyle Jamieson, David Moss, and Philip Levis. 2009. Collection tree protocol. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’09). ACM, California, 1--14.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- D. J. Goodman, R. Valenzuela, K. T. Gayliard, and B. Ramamurthi. 1989. Packet reservation multiple access for local wireless communications. IEEE Transactions on Communications 37, 8 (Aug. 1989), 885--890.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Vehbi Gungor and Gerhard Hancke. 2009. Industrial wireless sensor networks: Challenges, design principles, and technical approaches. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, 10 (2009), 4258--4265.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Harvey Motulsky and Ransnas Lennart.1987. Fitting curves to data using nonlinear regression: A practical and non-mathematical review. The FASEB Journal 1, 5 (Nov. 1987), 365--374.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Tian He, Sudha Krishnamurthy, John A. Stankovic, Tarek Abdelzaher, Liqian Luo, Radu Stoleru, Ting Yan, Lin Gu, Jonathan Hui, and Bruce Krogh. 2004. Energy-efficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys’04). ACM, 270--283.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jonathan. W. Hui and David Culler. 2004. The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’04). ACM, 81--94. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Rhee Injong, Warrier Ajit, Aia Mahesh, Min Jeongki, and Mihail L. Sichitiu. 2008. Z-MAC: A hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 16, 3 (2008), 511--524. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Texas Instruments. 2006. Cc2420: 2.4 ghz ieee 802.15.4/zigbee-ready rf transceiver. http://www.chipcon.com/files/CC2420_Data_Sheet_1_3.pdf.Google Scholar
- Kyle Jamieson, Hari Balakrishnan, and Y. C. Tay. 2006. Sift: A MAC protocol for event-driven wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN’06). Springer-Verlag, Zurich, Switzerland, 260--275.Google Scholar
- Xiaoyu Ji, Yuan He, Jiliang Wang, Wei Dong, Xiaopei We, and Yunhao Liu. 2014. Walking down the STAIRS: Efficient collision resolution for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’14). IEEE, Toronto, ON, 961--969.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Philip Levis, Neil Patel, David Culler, and Scott Shenker. 2004. Trickle: A self-regulating algorithm for code propagation and maintenance in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’04). USENIX Association, San Francisco, California, 2--2.Google Scholar
- Daibo Liu, Zhichao Cao, Jiliang Wang, Yuan He, Mengshu Hou, and Yunhao Liu. 2016. Duplicate detectable opportunistic forwarding in duty cycled wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 24, 2 (2016), 662--673. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Yunhao Liu, Yuan He, Mo Li, Jiliang Wang, Kebin Liu, and Xiangyang Li. 2013. Does wireless sensor network scale? A measurement study on greenorbs. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 24, 10 (2013), 1983--1993. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Xufei Mao, Xin Miao, Yuan He, Xiangyang Li, and Yunhao Liu. 2012. CitySee: Urban CO2 monitoring with sensors. In Proceedings of the 31rd Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM’12). IEEE, Orlando, FL, 1611--1619.Google Scholar
- Lufeng Mo, Yuan He, Yunhao Liu, Jizhong Zhao, Shao-Jie Tang, Xiang-Yang Li, and Guojun Dai. 2009. Canopy closure estimates with GreenOrbs: Sustainable sensing in the forest. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’09). ACM, New York, 99--112. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- David Moss and Philip Levis. 2008. BoX-MACs: Exploiting Physical and Link Layer Boundaries in LowPower Networking. Technical Report SING-08-00, Stanford University (2008).Google Scholar
- Razvan Musaloiu-E., Chieh-Jan Mike Liang, and Andreas Terzis. 2008. Koala: Ultra-low power data retrieval in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’08). ACM, Washington, DC, 421--432. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Fredrik Osterlind, Luca Mottola, Thiemo Voigt, Nicolas Tsiftes, and Adam Dunkels. 2012. Strawman: Resolving collisions in bursty low-power wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN’12). ACM, Beijing, China, 161--172. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Maria Rita Palattella, Nicola Accettura, and Xavier Vilajosana. 2012. Standardized protocol stack for the internet of (important) things. IEEE Communications Surveys 8 Tutorials 15, 3 (2012), 1389--1406.Google Scholar
- Pangun Park, Carlo Fischione, A. Bonivento, Karl H. Johansson, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincent. 2011. Breath: An adaptive protocol for industrial control applications using wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 10, 6 (2011), 821--838. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill, and David Culler. 2004. TDM-based coordinationfunction (TCF) in WLAN for high throughput. In Proceedings of the Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM’04). IEEE, Dallas, Texas, 3235--3239.Google Scholar
- Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill, and David Culler. 2004. Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’04). ACM, Baltimore, MD, 95--107.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill, and David Culler. 2004. Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2Nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’04). ACM, Baltimore, MD, 95--107.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Abdul Razaque and Khaled M. Elleithy. 2014. Energy-efficient boarder node medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks. Sensors 14, 3 (2014), 5074--5117.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Kannan Srinivasan, Maria A. Kazandjieva, Saatvik Agarwal, and Philip Levis. 2008. The 8#946;-factor: Measuring wireless link burstiness. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys’08). ACM, Raleigh, NC, 29--42.Google Scholar
- Yanjun Sun, Shu Du, Omer Gurewitz, and David B. Johnson. 2008. DW-MAC: A low latency, energy efficient demand-wakeup MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc’08). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 53--62.Google Scholar
- Yanjun Sun, Omer Gurewitz, and David B. Johnson. 2008. RI-MAC: A receiver-initiated asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’08). ACM, Raleigh, NC, 1--14.Google Scholar
- Lei Tang, Yanjun Sun, Omer Gurewitz, and David B. Johnson. 2011. EM-MAC: A dynamic multichannel energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc’11). ACM, Article 23, 11 pages.Google Scholar
- Lei Tang, Yanjun Sun, Omer Gurewitz, and David B. Johnson. 2011. PW-MAC: An energy-efficient predictive-wakeup MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In INFOCOM. IEEE, 1305--1313. http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/infocom/infocom2011.html#TangSGJ11.Google Scholar
- Y. C. Tay, Kyle Jamieson, and Hari Balakrishnan. 2006. Collision-minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 22, 6 (Sept. 2006), 1048--1057. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- TinyOS-2.1.1. 2010. http://www.tinyos.net/.Google Scholar
- Xiaopei Wu, Mingyan Liu, and Yue Wu. 2012. In-situ soil moisture sensing: Optimal sensor placement and field estimation. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 8, 4 (Sept. 2012), 33:1--33:30. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Y. Z. Zhao, M. Ma, C. Y. Miao, and T. N. Nguyen. 2010. An energy-efficient and low-latency MAC protocol with adaptive scheduling for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Comput. Commun. 33, 12 (July 2010), 1452--1461. Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
Contention-Detectable Mechanism for Receiver-Initiated MAC
Recommendations
Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks
This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a hybrid MAC protocol, called Z-MAC, for wireless sensor networks that combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA while offsetting their weaknesses. Like CSMA, ZMAC achieves high ...
Contention Window-Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
DASC '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 12th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure ComputingExisting duty-cycle MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks(WSNs), such as S-MAC, mostly do not consider the influence of inherent traffic distribution characteristic derived from network infrastructure, leading to significant end-to-end delivery ...
Receiver-initiated collision avoidance in wireless networks
Selected Papers from Mobicom'99Many medium-access control (MAC) protocols for wireless networks proposed or implemented to date are based on collision-avoidance handshakes between sender and receiver. In the vast majority of these protocols, including the IEEE 802.11 standard, the ...






Comments