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Embedding Distortion Analysis in Wavelet-domain Watermarking

Published:16 December 2019Publication History
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Abstract

Imperceptibility and robustness are two complementary fundamental requirements of any watermarking algorithm. Low-strength watermarking yields high imperceptibility, but exhibits poor robustness. High-strength watermarking schemes achieve good robustness but often infuse distortions resulting in poor visual quality in host images. This article analyses the embedding distortion for wavelet-based watermarking schemes. We derive the relationship between distortion, measured in mean square error (MSE), and the watermark embedding modification and propose the linear proportionality between MSE and the sum of energy of the selected wavelet coefficients for watermark embedding modification. The initial proposition assumes the orthonormality of discrete wavelet transform. It is further extended for non-orthonormal wavelet kernels using a weighting parameter that follows the energy conservation theorems in wavelet frames. The proposed analysis is verified by experimental results for both non-blind and blind watermarking schemes. Such a model is useful to find the optimum input parameters, including the wavelet kernel, coefficient selection, and subband choices for wavelet domain image watermarking.

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    • Published in

      cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications
      ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications  Volume 15, Issue 4
      November 2019
      322 pages
      ISSN:1551-6857
      EISSN:1551-6865
      DOI:10.1145/3376119
      Issue’s Table of Contents

      Copyright © 2019 ACM

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 16 December 2019
      • Revised: 1 August 2019
      • Accepted: 1 August 2019
      • Received: 1 January 2019
      Published in tomm Volume 15, Issue 4

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