Abstract
Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) disks have been proposed as a high-density, non-volatile media and precede traditional hard disk drives in both storing capacity and cost. However, the intrinsic characteristics of SMR disks raise a major performance challenge named read-modify-write operations (RMWs) that are time-consuming and can significantly degrade the overall system performance. Current designs of SMR disks usually adopt a persistent cache to alleviate the negative effect brought by RMWs and the cache is used as a first-level cache to buffer all the incoming writes of the whole SMR storage system. In this paper, we propose to change the functionality of the cache, that is, the cache will no longer serve as a first-level cache like previous. Incoming data are distinguished according to their different write-back behavior and those data which will incur RMWs will be left in our built-in NAND flash cache called RMW-free Cache (RMW-F) to eliminate the need of RMWs. Besides, RMW-F improves the cleaning efficiency by a model that takes both write-back cost and data popularity into considerations. Our experimental results show that RMW-F can achieve both system performance and cleaning efficiency improvements.
- Abutalib Aghayev, Mansour Shafaei, and Peter Desnoyers. 2015. Skylight: A window on shingled disk operation. ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS) (2015), 1--16.Google Scholar
- Abutalib Aghayev, Ts’o Theodore, Garth Gibson, and Peter Desnoyers. 2017. Evolving Ext4 for shingled disks.. In Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). 105--120.Google Scholar
- Ahmed Amer, Darrell D. E. Long, Ethan L. Miller, Jehan-Francois Paris, and S. J. Thomas Schwarz. 2010. Design issues for a shingled write disk system. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST). 1--12.Google Scholar
- Yuval Cassuto, Marco A. A. Sanvido, Cyril Guyot, David R. Hall, and Zvonimir Z. Bandic. 2010. Indirection systems for shingled-recording disk drives. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST). 1--14.Google Scholar
- Microsemi Corporation. 2012. Using SMR drives with smart storage stack-based HBA and RAID solutions. In Stony Brook University, Tech. Rep. FSL-14-03. 1--9.Google Scholar
- Mary Dunn and Timothy Feldman. 2014. Shingled magnetic recording models, standardization, and applications. In SNIA Storage Developer Conference Tutorial. 1--44.Google Scholar
- David Hall, John H. Marcos, and Jonathan D. Coker. 2012. Data handling algorithms for autonomous shingled magnetic recording hdds. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (2012), 1777--1781.Google Scholar
- Weiping He and David H. C. Du. 2017. SMaRT: An approach to shingled magnetic recording translation. In Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). 121--134.Google Scholar
- Sai Huang, Qingsong Wei, Dan Feng, Jianxi Chen, and Cheng Chen. 2016. Improving flash-based disk cache with lazy adaptive replacement. ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS) (2016), 1--10.Google Scholar
- Chao Jin, Wei-Ya Xi, Zhi-Yong Ching, Feng Huo, and Chun-Teck Lim. 2014. HiSMRfs: A high performance file system for shingled storage array. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST). 1--6.Google Scholar
- Stephanie N. Jones, Ahmed Amer, Ethan L. Miller, Darrell D. E. Long, Rekha Pitchumani, and Christina R. Strong. 2016. Classifying data to reduce long-term data movement in shingled write disks. ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS) (2016), 1--17.Google Scholar
- StorageReview Enterprise Lab. 2019. Seagate archive HDD review (8TB). https://www.storagereview.com/seagate_archive%_hdd_review_8tb.Google Scholar
- Quoc Minh Le, Ahmed Amer, and JoAnne Holliday. 2015. SMR disks for mass storage systems. In 2015 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems. 228--231.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Damien Le Moal, Zvonimir Bandic, and Cyril Guyot. 2012. Shingled file system host-side management of shingled magnetic recording disks. In International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). 425--426.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Chung-I. Lin, Dongchul Park, Weiping He, and David H. C. Du. 2012. H-SWD: Incorporating hot data identification into shingled write disks. In Modeling, Analysis 8 Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS). 321--330.Google Scholar
- Wenguo Liu, Dan Feng, Lingfang Zeng, and Jianxi Chen. 2014. Understanding the SWD-based RAID system. In Cloud Computing and Big Data (CCBD). 175--181.Google Scholar
- Wenguo Liu, Lingfang Zeng, and Dan Feng. 2018. CASS: A cooperative hybrid storage system consisting of an SSD and a SMR drive. In International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). 24--29.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Wenguo Liu, Lingfang Zeng, and Dan Feng. 2018. CLDM: A cache cleaning algorithm for host aware SMR drives. In International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. 1--13.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Wen Guo Liu, Ling Fang Zeng, Dan Feng, and Kenneth B. Kent. 2019. ROCO: Using a solid state drive cache to improve the performance of a host-aware shingled magnetic recording drive. Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2019), 61--76.Google Scholar
- Dan Luo, Jiguang Wan, Yifeng Zhu, Nannan Zhao, Feng Li, and Changsheng Xie. 2016. Design and implementation of a hybrid shingled write disk system. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS) (2016), 1017--1029.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Liuying Ma and Xu Lu. 2017. HMSS: A high performance host-managed shingled storage system based on awareness of SMR on block layer. In IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing 8 Communications; IEEE International Conference on Smart City; IEEE International Conference on Data Science 8 Systems. 1--8.Google Scholar
- Peter Macko, Xiongzi Ge, J. Kelley, D. Slik, et al. 2017. SMORE: A cold data object store for SMR drives. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST). 1--13.Google Scholar
- Adam Manzanares, Noah Watkins, Cyril Guyot, Damien Le Moal, Carlos Maltzahn, and Zvonimir Bandic. 2016. ZEA, A data management approach for SMR. In Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage). 1--5.Google Scholar
- Swanand Mhalagi, Lide Duan, and Paul Rad. 2018. Designing and evaluating hybrid storage for high performance cloud computing. In International Systems Conference (SysCon). 1--8.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Junpeng Niu, Jun Xu, and Lihua Xie. 2017. A deep look at SMR performance via simulation approach. In International Conference on Control 8 Automation (ICCA). 713--718.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Tiratat Patana-anake, Vincentius Martin, Nora Sandler, Cheng Wu, and Haryadi S. Gunawi. 2016. Manylogs: Improved CMR/SMR disk bandwidth and faster durability with scattered logs. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST). 1--16.Google Scholar
- Mohit Saxena, Michael M. Swift, and Yiying Zhang. 2012. FlashTier: A lightweight, consistent and durable storage cache. In ACM European Conference on Computer Systems. 1--14.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Zhaoyan Shen, Feng Chen, Yichen Jia, and Zili Shao. 2017. DIDACache: A deep integration of device and application for flash based key-value caching. In Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). 391--405.Google Scholar
- SNIA-IOTTA. 2019. MSR Cambridge Block I/O Traces. http://iotta.cs.hmc.edu/traces/388.Google Scholar
- R. Suzutou, Y. Nakamura, M. Nishikawa, H. Osawa, Y. Okamoto, Y. Kanai, and H. Muraoka. 2017. A study on relationship between recording pattern and decoding reliability in SMR. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (2017), 1--4.Google Scholar
- Jiguang Wan, Nannan Zhao, Yifeng Zhu, Jibin Wang, Yu Mao, Peng Chen, and Changsheng Xie. 2012. High performance and high capacity hybrid shingled-recording disk system. In CLUSTER. 1--9.Google Scholar
- Chunling Wang, Dandan Wang, Yupeng Chai, and D Sun. 2017. Larger cheaper but faster: SSD-SMR hybrid storage boosted by a new SMR-oriented cache framework. In Massive Storage Systems and Technology (MSST). 1--16.Google Scholar
- Yi Wang, Lisha Dong, and Rui Mao. 2017. P-Alloc: Process-variation tolerant reliability management for 3D charge-trapping flash memory. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) (2017), 1--19.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Yi Wang, Jiangfan Huang, Jing Yang, and Tao Li. 2018. A temperature-aware reliability enhancement strategy for 3-D charge-trap flash memory. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2018), 234--244.Google Scholar
- Yi Wang, Mingxu Zhang, Lisha Dong, and Xuan Yang. 2016. A thermal-aware physical space allocation strategy for 3D flash memory storage systems. In International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. 290--295.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Fenggang Wu, Ziqi Fan, Ming-Chang Yang, Baoquan Zhang, Xiongzi Ge, and David H. C. Du. 2017. Performance evaluation of host aware shingled magnetic recording (HA-SMR) drives. IEEE Transactions on Computers (TC) (2017), 1932--1945.Google Scholar
- Fenggang Wu, Ming-Chang Yang, Ziqi Fan, Baoquan Zhang, Xiongzi Ge, and David H. C. Du. 2016. Evaluating host aware SMR drives. In Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage). 1--5.Google Scholar
- Wenjian Xiao, Huanqing Dong, Liuying Ma, Zhenjun Liu, and Qiang Zhang. 2016. HS-BAS: A hybrid storage system based on band awareness of shingled write disk. In International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). 64--71.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Xuchao Xie, Liquan Xiao, Xiongzi Ge, and Qiong Li. 2018. SMRC: An endurable SSD cache for host-aware shingled magnetic recording drives. IEEE Access (2018), 1--13.Google Scholar
- Xuchao Xie, Tianye Yang, Qiong Li, Dengping Wei, and Liquan Xiao. 2018. Duchy: Achieving both SSD durability and controllable SMR cleaning overhead in hybrid storage systems. In International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP). 1--9.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ming-Chang Yang, Yuan-Hao Chang, Fenggang Wu, Tei-Wei Kuo, and David H. C. Du. 2017. Virtual persistent cache: Remedy the long latency behavior of host-aware shingled magnetic recording drives. In International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD). 17--24.Google Scholar
- Qing Yang and Jin Ren. 2011. I-CASH: Intelligently coupled array of SSD and HDD. In International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA). 278--289.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Tianming Yang, Haitao Wu, Huang Ping, and Zhang Fei. 2017. A shingle-aware persistent cache management scheme for DM-SMR disks. In International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). 1--8.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
Index Terms
RMW-F: A Design of RMW-Free Cache Using Built-in NAND-Flash for SMR Storage
Recommendations
MU-RMW: minimizing unnecessary RMW operations in the embedded flash with SMR disk
DATE '22: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference & Exhibition on Design, Automation & Test in EuropeEmerging Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) Disk can improve the storage capacity significantly by overlapping multiple tracks with the shingled direction. However, the shingled-like structure leads to severe write amplification caused by RMW operations ...
FC: Built-in flash cache with fast cleaning for SMR storage systems
AbstractShingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) disks are adopted as a high-density, non-volatile storage media which significantly precedes conventional disks in both the storing volume and cost. However, time-consuming Read–Modify–Writes (RMWs) ...
Using dead blocks as a virtual victim cache
PACT '10: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniquesCaches mitigate the long memory latency that limits the performance of modern processors. However, caches can be quite inefficient. On average, a cache block in a 2MB L2 cache is dead 59% of the time, i.e., it will not be referenced again before it is ...






Comments