Abstract
There is currently uncertainty in the research community as to how ICT can and should be designed in such a way that it can be convincingly integrated into the everyday lives of prison inmates. In this paper, we discuss a design fiction that closes this research gap. The descriptions and results of the study are purely fictitious. Excluded is the State of the Art as well as the description of the legal situation of prisons in Germany. The analysis of the fictional study data designed here thus refers to the real world in order to derive ethical guidelines and draw practical conclusions. It is our intention to use these results as a possible basis for further research. The paper presents results of an explorative study dealing with the design, development and evaluation of an AI-based Smart Mirror System, Prison AI 2.0, in a German prison. Prison AI 2.0 was developed for daily use and voluntarily tested by eight prisoners over a period of 12 months to gain insight into their individual and social impact, with an emphasis on its ability to actively support rehabilitation. Based on qualitative data, our findings suggest that intelligent AI-based devices can actually help promote such an outcome. Our results also confirm the valuable impact of (Psychosocial) ICT on the psychological, social and individual aspects of prison life, and in particular how prisoners used the Smart Mirror system to improve and maintain their cognitive, mental and physical state and to restore social interactions with the outside world. With the presentation of these results we want to initiate discussions about the use of ICT by prisoners in closed prisons in order to identify opportunities and risks.
- An average of 12 phones are seized in Irish prisons every week: https://www.thejournal.ie/prisons-mobile-phones-3573543-Aug2017/. Accessed: 2019-06-03.Google Scholar
- Ayres, L. 2008. Semi-structured interview. The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. (2008), 811--813.Google Scholar
- Barreiro-Gen, M. and Novo-Corti, I. 2015. Collaborative learning in environments with restricted access to the internet: Policies to bridge the digital divide and exclusion in prisons through the development of the skills of inmates. Computers in Human Behavior. 51, (Oct. 2015), 1172--1176. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.076.Google Scholar
- Barreiro-Gen, M., Novo-Corti, I. and Varela-Candamio, L. 2013. e-Prisons and New Technologies: ICT as a Mechanism of Social Inclusion of Prisoners. International Journal of Knowledge Society Research. 4, 3 (Jul. 2013), 1--10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2013070101.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Benner, K. and Dewan, S. 2019. Alabama's Gruesome Prisons: Report Finds Rape and Murder at All Hours. The New York Times.Google Scholar
- Blythe, M. 2014. Research through design fiction: narrative in real and imaginary abstracts. Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '14 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2014), 703--712.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Blythe, M., Steane, J., Roe, J. and Oliver, C. 2015. Solutionism, the Game: Design Fictions for Positive Aging. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '15 (Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015), 3849--3858.Google Scholar
- Ceaparu, I., Lazar, J., Bessiere, K., Robinson, J. and Shneiderman, B. 2004. Determining Causes and Severity of End-User Frustration. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 17, 3 (Sep. 2004), 333--356. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1703_3.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Coates, S. 2016. Unlocking Potential: A review of education in prison. (2016).Google Scholar
- Council of Europe 2006. Recommendation Rec(2006) 2 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the European Prison Rules.Google Scholar
- Dollinger, B. and Schmidt, H. 2015. Zur Aktualität von Goffmans Konzept totaler Institutionen --Empirische Befunde zur gegenwärtigen Situation des ?Unterlebens "in Gefängnissen. Handbuch Jugendstrafvollzug--Handlungsfelder und Konzepte. (2015), 245--259.Google Scholar
- Dorussen, H., Lenz, H. and Blavoukos, S. 2005. Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Expert Interviews. European Union Politics. 6, 3 (Sep. 2005), 315--337. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505054835.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Dourish, P. and Bell, G. 2014. "Resistance is futile": reading science fiction alongside ubiquitous computing. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 18, 4 (Apr. 2014), 769--778. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-013-0678--7.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Dunne, A. and Raby, F. 2013. Speculative everything: design, fiction, and social dreaming. MIT press.Google Scholar
- Ear Hustle: https://www.earhustlesq.com. Accessed: 2019-08--31.Google Scholar
- Entorf, H. 2009. Crime and the Labour Market: Evidence from a Survey of Inmates. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik. 229, 2--3 (Jan. 2009). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2009--2--311.Google Scholar
- Fiedler, M. and Vogel, S. 2016. § 5 Freizeit, Medien, Sport. Jugendstrafvollzugsrecht.Google Scholar
- Ford, M. 2019. The Everyday Brutality of America's Prisons. The New Republic.Google Scholar
- Foucault, M. 2016. Überwachen und Strafen. Die Geburt des Gefängnisses. Kriminologische Grundlagentexte. Springer. 333--343.Google Scholar
- Gnilka, P.B., Chang, C.Y. and Dew, B.J. 2012. The Relationship Between Supervisee Stress, Coping Resources, the Working Alliance, and the Supervisory Working Alliance. Journal of Counseling & Development. 90, 1 (Jan. 2012), 63--70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556--6676.2012.00009.x.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Goffman, E. 2017. Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Routledge.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Gonzatto, R.F., van Amstel, F.M.C., Merkle, L.E. and Hartmann, T. 2013. The ideology of the future in design fictions. Digital Creativity. 24, 1 (Mar. 2013), 36--45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.772524.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Hales, D. 2013. Design fictions an introduction and provisional taxonomy. Digital Creativity. 24, 1 (Mar. 2013), 1--10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.769453.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Heimes, S. 2012. Warum Schreiben hilft: Die Wirksamkeitsnachweise zur Poesietherapie. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
- Helsper, E.J. and Eynon, R. 2013. Distinct skill pathways to digital engagement. European Journal of Communication. 28, 6 (Dec. 2013), 696--713. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113499113.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Hinssen, P. and Chellam, M. 2010. The New Normal: Explore the limits of the digital world. Mach media.Google Scholar
- House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts 2017. Mental health in prisons.Google Scholar
- Jewkes, Y. and Johnston, H. 2009. "Cavemen in an Era of Speed-of-Light Technology': Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Communication within Prisons. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 48, 2 (May 2009), 132--143. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468--2311.2009.00559.x.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Jewkes, Y. and Reisdorf, B.C. 2016. A brave new world: The problems and opportunities presented by new media technologies in prisons. Criminology & Criminal Justice. 16, 5 (Nov. 2016), 534--551. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895816654953.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Johnson, R. 2005. Brave new prisons: The growing social isolation of modern penal institutions. The effects of imprisonment. (2005), 255--284.Google Scholar
- Jokinen, J.P.P. 2015. Emotional user experience: Traits, events, and states?. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 76, (Apr. 2015), 67--77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.12.006.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kirman, B., Linehan, C., Lawson, S. and O'Hara, D. 2013. CHI and the future robot enslavement of humankind: a retrospective. CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems on - CHI EA '13 (Paris, France, 2013), 2199.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Knauer, F. 2006. Strafvollzug und Internet: Rechtsprobleme der Nutzung elektronischer Kommunikationsmedien durch Strafgefangene. BWV Verlag.Google Scholar
- Knight, V. 2017. Remote control: television in prison.Google Scholar
- Landwehr, M., Borning, A. and Wulf, V. 2019. The High Cost of Free Services: Problems with Surveillance Capitalism and Possible Alternatives for IT Infrastructure. (2019).Google Scholar
- Laubenthal, K. 2015. Strafvollzug. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
- Linehan, C., Kirman, B.J., Reeves, S., Blythe, M.A., Tanenbaum, J.G., Desjardins, A. and Wakkary, R. 2014. Alternate endings: using fiction to explore design futures. Proceedings of the extended abstracts of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI EA '14 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2014), 45--48.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Markussen, T. and Knutz, E. 2013. The poetics of design fiction. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces - DPPI '13 (Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2013), 231.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Monteiro, A., Barros, R. and Leite, C. 2015. Lifelong learning through e-learning in european prisons: rethinking digital and social inclusion. Proceedings of INTED2015 Conference (2015), 1038--1046.Google Scholar
- Morozov, E. 2013. To save everything, click here: the folly of technological solutionism. PublicAffairs.Google Scholar
- Perez Serrano, G. and Sarrate Capdevila, M.L. 2011. Information and communication technologies that promote social inclusion. Revista Española de Pedagogía. 69, 249 (2011), 237--253.Google Scholar
- Rohde, M., Brödner, P., Stevens, G., Betz, M. and Wulf, V. 2016. Grounded Design -- a praxeological IS research perspective. Journal of Information Technology. (May 2016). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2016.5.Google Scholar
- Smerotkina, K. 2010. Education as a Prerequisite for Inclusion of Prisoners in Society. ACEP/SINEX. (2010), 55.Google Scholar
- Sterling, B. 2005. Shaping things. MIT Press.Google Scholar
- Subramanian, R. and Shames, A. 2013. Sentencing and prison practices in Germany and the Netherlands: Implications for the United States. Vera Institute of Justice New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Tanenbaum, J., Tanenbaum, K. and Wakkary, R. 2012. Steampunk as design fiction. Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '12 (Austin, Texas, USA, 2012), 1583.Google Scholar
- Taugerbeck, S. 2018. Digitale Teilhabe und Strafvollzug. Eine wissenssoziologische Analyse des öffentlichen Diskurses zur Nutzung digitaler Medien durch Gefängnisinsassen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Wandels zur digitalen Wissensgesellschaft. (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.23402.82889.Google Scholar
- Taugerbeck, S., Ahmadi, M., Schorch, M., Unbehaun, D., Aal, K. and Wulf, V. 2019. Digital Participation in Prison -- A Public Discourse Analysis of the Use of ICT by Inmates. (2019).Google Scholar
- Van De Steene, S. and Knight, V. 2017. Digital transformation for prisons: Developing a needs-based strategy. Probation Journal. 64, 3 (Sep. 2017), 256--268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550517723722.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Verbaan, S., Aldington, C., McNaney, R. and Wallace, J. 2018. Potentials of HCI for Prisons and Incarcerated Individuals. Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18 (Montreal QC, Canada, 2018), 1--4.Google Scholar
- Verbaan, S. and Bowers, J. 2018. Building A Better Bumphone: Designing Around Prison Phone Use. Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18 (Montreal QC, Canada, 2018), 1--10.Google Scholar
- Warren, M. 2007. The digital vicious cycle: Links between social disadvantage and digital exclusion in rural areas. Telecommunications Policy. 31, 6--7 (Jul. 2007), 374--388. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2007.04.001.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Wawzyniak, H. 2012. Ist die Verweigerung eines Internetzugangs im Strafvollzug rechtmä\s sig? KritV, CritQ, RCrit. Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft/Critical Quarterly for Legislation and Law/Revue critique trimestrielle de jurisprudence et de législation. (2012), 198--208.Google Scholar
- Wulf, V. and Rohde, M. 1995. Towards an integrated organization and technology development. Proceedings of the conference on Designing interactive systems processes, practices, methods, & techniques - DIS '95 (Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 1995), 55--64.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Wulf, V., Rohde, M., Pipek, V. and Stevens, G. 2011. Engaging with practices: design case studies as a research framework in CSCW. Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work (2011), 505--512.Google Scholar
- Wulf, V., Schmidt, K. and Randall, D. 2015. Designing Socially Embedded Technologies in the Real-World. Springer.Google Scholar
- Zuboff, S. 2019. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for the future at the new frontier of power. Profile Books.Google Scholar
Index Terms
The Social Mile - How (Psychosocial) ICT can Help to Promote Resocialization and to Overcome Prison
Recommendations
Potentials of HCI for Prisons and Incarcerated Individuals
CHI EA '18: Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsThe contexts of prison and incarceration are under-explored from a HCI and Design perspective and information about actual everyday life in prison is scarcely available. Whilst some prisons have begun incorporating technology into prison life, this is ...
Digital Participation in Prison - A Public Discourse Analysis of the Use of ICT by Inmates
GROUPDigital participation has become an important issue in modern societies, typically focusing on groups prone to marginalization. From this perspective, less attention has yet been paid to imprisoned persons. Many penitentiary systems are formally ...
Social innovation within prison service
PDC '12: Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Exploratory Papers, Workshop Descriptions, Industry Cases - Volume 2This paper report on a project in a maximum-security prison in Denmark, where a group of officers and inmates engaged in a participatory design project aimed at improving the quality of everyday life. A series of participatory design workshops had two ...






Comments