skip to main content
article
Free access

AZERTY amélioré: computational design on a national scale

Published: 25 January 2021 Publication History

Abstract

A new French keyboard standard is the first designed with the help of computational methods.

References

[1]
Bertsimas, D., Tsitsiklis, J. Introduction to Linear Optimization, 1st edn. Athena Scientific, Belmont, MA, USA, 1997. ISBN 1886529191.
[2]
Burkard, R.E., Offermann, D.M.J. Entwurf von Schreibmaschinentastaturen mittels quadratischer Zuordnungsprobleme. Zeitschrift für Opt. Res. 21, 4 (1977), B121--B132.
[3]
Burkard, R.E., Karisch, S.E., Rendl, F. Qaplib - a quadratic assignment problemlibrary. J. Global Optim. 10, 4 (June 1997), 391--403. ISSN 0925-5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008293323270.
[4]
DGLFLF. Rapport au Parlement sur l'emploi de la langue française. Government Report, 2015. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/La-DGLFLF/Nos-priorites/Rapport-au-Parlement-sur-l-emploi-de-la-langue-francaise-2015. From the Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France of the Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. In French.
[5]
DGLFLF. Vers une norme française pour les claviers informatiques. Government Publication, 2016. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/Politiques-de-la-langue/Langues-et-numerique/Les-technologies-de-la-langue-et-la-normalisation/Vers-une-norme-francaise-pour-les-claviers-informatiques. From the Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France of the Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. In French.
[6]
Feit, A.M. Assignment problems for optimizing text input. PhD thesis, Aalto University, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-8016-1.
[7]
Feit, A.M., Weir, D., Oulasvirta, A. How we type: Movement strategies and performance in everyday typing. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '16, 2016). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 4262--4273. ISBN 978-1-4503-3362-7. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2858036.2858233.
[8]
Feit, A.M., Nancel, M., Weir, D., Bailly, G., John, M., Karrenbauer, A., Oulasvirta, A. Élaboration de la disposition AZERTY modernisée. Technical report, Inria, Lille, France 2018. https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01826476.
[9]
Fisher, M.L., Rosenwein, M.B. An interactive optimization system for bulk-cargo ship scheduling. Nav. Res. Logist. 36, 1 (1989), 27--42.
[10]
Frieze, A.M., Yadegar, J. On the quadratic assignment problem. Discrete Appl. Math. 5, 1 (1983), 89--98. ISSN 0166-218X. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0166218X83900185.
[11]
Gajos, K., Weld, D.S. Preference elicitation for interface optimization. In Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (2005), ACM, New York, NY, USA, 173--182.
[12]
ISO/IEC 9995-1. ISO/IEC 9995-1:2009 Information technology -- Keyboard layouts for text and office systems -- Part 1: General principles governing keyboard layouts. Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH, October 2009.
[13]
John, M., Karrenbauer, A. Dynamic sparsification for quadratic assignment problems. In Mathematical Optimization Theory and Operations Research. M. Khachay, Y. Kochetov, P. Pardalos, eds. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019, 232--246. ISBN 978-3-030-22629-9.
[14]
Jokinen, J.P.P., Sarcar, S., Oulasvirta, A., Silpasuwanchai, C., Wang, Z., Ren, X. Modelling learning of new keyboard layouts. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17, 2017), ACM Press, New Yorik, New York, USA, 4203--4215. ISBN 9781450346559. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3025453.3025580.
[15]
Kapoor, A., Lee, B., Tan, D., Horvitz, E. Interactive optimization for steering machine classification. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10, 2010), ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1343--1352. ISBN 978-1-60558-929-9. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1753326.1753529.
[16]
Karrenbauer, A., Oulasvirta, A. Improvements to keyboard optimization with integer programming. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '14, 2014), ACM, New York, NY, USA, 621--626. ISBN 978-1-4503-3069-5. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2642918.2647382.
[17]
Lee, P.U-J., Zhai, S. Top-down learning strategies: can they facilitate stylus keyboard learning? Int. J. Human-Computer Stud. 60, 5-6 (May 2004), 585--598. ISSN 1071-5819. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581903001794.
[18]
Meignan, D., Knust, S., Frayret, J-M., Pesant, G., Gaud, N. A review and taxonomy of interactive optimization methods in operations research. ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst., 5(3):17:1--17:43, September 2015. ISSN 2160--6455. URL http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2808234.
[19]
NF Z 71-300. User interfaces - French keyboard layouts for office. Standard, AFNOR, 03, 2019a.
[20]
NF Z 71-300. Interfaces utilisateurs - Dispositions de clavier bureautique français. Standard, AFNOR, 03, 2019b.
[21]
Parkvall, M. Världens 100 största språk 2007. Nationalencyklopedin, 2007. http://www.ne.se/.
[22]
Queyranne, M. Performance ratio of polynomial heuristics for triangle inequality quadratic assignment problems. Oper. Res. Lett. 4, 5 (1986), 231--234. ISSN 0167-6377. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167637786900076.
[23]
Simonsen, J., Robertson, T. Routledge International Handbook of Participatory Design. Routledge, New York, NY, USA, 2012.
[24]
Yassi, A. Repetitive strain injuries. The Lancet 349, 9056 (March 1997), 943--947. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673696072212. Manuscript submitted to ACM

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Towards Flexible and Robust User Interface Adaptations With Multiple ObjectivesProceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3586183.3606799(1-17)Online publication date: 29-Oct-2023
  • (2023)RoboType: Realistic Mobile Text Entry Evaluations with Synthetic UsersProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3565066.3608693(1-7)Online publication date: 26-Sep-2023
  • (2022)TEXT2030 - Shaping Text Entry Research in 2030Adjunct Publication of the 24th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services10.1145/3528575.3551429(1-4)Online publication date: 28-Sep-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM  Volume 64, Issue 2
February 2021
108 pages
ISSN:0001-0782
EISSN:1557-7317
DOI:10.1145/3447971
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 25 January 2021
Published in CACM Volume 64, Issue 2

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article
  • Popular
  • Refereed

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)511
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)81
Reflects downloads up to 20 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Towards Flexible and Robust User Interface Adaptations With Multiple ObjectivesProceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3586183.3606799(1-17)Online publication date: 29-Oct-2023
  • (2023)RoboType: Realistic Mobile Text Entry Evaluations with Synthetic UsersProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3565066.3608693(1-7)Online publication date: 26-Sep-2023
  • (2022)TEXT2030 - Shaping Text Entry Research in 2030Adjunct Publication of the 24th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services10.1145/3528575.3551429(1-4)Online publication date: 28-Sep-2022
  • (2022)Creating and Augmenting Keyboards for Extended Reality with the Keyboard Augmentation ToolkitACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/349049529:2(1-39)Online publication date: 16-Jan-2022
  • (2021)Dealing with Input Mode Confusion During Dual-Language Keyboard UseHuman-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 202110.1007/978-3-030-85610-6_2(20-28)Online publication date: 26-Aug-2021

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Digital Edition

View this article in digital edition.

Digital Edition

Magazine Site

View this article on the magazine site (external)

Magazine Site

Login options

Full Access

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media