Knitting 4D garments with elasticity controlled for body motion

Abstract

In this paper, we present a new computational pipeline for designing and fabricating 4D garments as knitwear that considers comfort during body movement. This is achieved by careful control of elasticity distribution to reduce uncomfortable pressure and unwanted sliding caused by body motion. We exploit the ability to knit patterns in different elastic levels by single-jersey jacquard (SJJ) with two yarns. We design the distribution of elasticity for a garment by physics-based computation, the optimized elasticity on the garment is then converted into instructions for a digital knitting machine by two algorithms proposed in this paper. Specifically, a graph-based algorithm is proposed to generate knittable stitch meshes that can accurately capture the 3D shape of a garment, and a tiling algorithm is employed to assign SJJ patterns on the stitch mesh to realize the designed distribution of elasticity. The effectiveness of our approach is verified on simulation results and on specimens physically fabricated by knitting machines.

References

1. Lea Albaugh, Scott Hudson, and Lining Yao. 2019. Digital Fabrication of Soft Actuated Objects by Machine Knitting. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland UK) (CHI'19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 184, 13 pages.
2. Dragomir Anguelov, Praveen Srinivasan, Daphne Koller, Sebastian Thrun, Jim Rodgers, and James Davis. 2005. SCAPE: Shape Completion and Animation of People. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3 (July 2005), 408--416.
3. David Baraff and Andrew Witkin. 1998. Large Steps in Cloth Simulation. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '98). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 43--54.
4. Aric Bartle, Alla Sheffer, Vladimir G. Kim, Danny M. Kaufman, Nicholas Vining, and Floraine Berthouzoz. 2016. Physics-Driven Pattern Adjustment for Direct 3D Garment Editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 4, Article 50 (July 2016), 11 pages.
5. Floraine Berthouzoz, Akash Garg, Danny M. Kaufman, Eitan Grinspun, and Maneesh Agrawala. 2013. Parsing Sewing Patterns into 3D Garments. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 4, Article 85 (July 2013), 12 pages.
6. Bernd Bickel, Moritz Bächer, Miguel A. Otaduy, Hyunho Richard Lee, Hanspeter Pfister, Markus Gross, and Wojciech Matusik. 2010. Design and Fabrication of Materials with Desired Deformation Behavior. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4, Article 63 (July 2010), 10 pages.
7. Sofien Bouaziz, Mario Deuss, Yuliy Schwartzburg, Thibaut Weise, and Mark Pauly. 2012. Shape-Up: Shaping Discrete Geometry with Projections. Computer Graphics Forum 31, 5 (2012), 1657--1667.
8. Robert Bridson, Ronald Fedkiw, and John Anderson. 2002. Robust Treatment of Collisions, Contact and Friction for Cloth Animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3 (July 2002), 594--603.
9. Brother. 2013. KH970/KR850. https://youtu.be/HrQ2_pGFzvM
10. Remi Brouet, Alla Sheffer, Laurence Boissieux, and Marie-Paule Cani. 2012. Design Preserving Garment Transfer. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 4, Article 36 (July 2012), 11 pages.
11. Xiang Chen, Changxi Zheng, Weiwei Xu, and Kun Zhou. 2014. An Asymptotic Numerical Method for Inverse Elastic Shape Design. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4, Article 95 (July 2014), 11 pages.
12. Philippe Decaudin, Dan Julius, Jamie Wither, Laurence Boissieux, Alla Sheffer, and Marie-Paule Cani. 2006. Virtual Garments: A Fully Geometric Approach for Clothing Design. Computer Graphics Forum 25, 3 (2006), 625--634.
13. Henry Fuchs, Zvi Meir Kedem, and Samuel Parker Uselton. 1977. Optimal Surface Reconstruction from Planar Contours. Commun. ACM 20, 10 (Oct. 1977), 693--702.
14. Rony Goldenthal, David Harmon, Raanan Fattal, Michel Bercovier, and Eitan Grinspun. 2007. Efficient Simulation of Inextensible Cloth. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3 (July 2007), 49--es.
15. Ruslan Guseinov, Eder Miguel, and Bernd Bickel. 2017. CurveUps: Shaping Objects from Flat Plates with Tension-Actuated Curvature. ACM Trans. Graph. 36, 4, Article 64 (July 2017), 12 pages.
16. Yuki Igarashi, Takeo Igarashi, and Hiromasa Suzuki. 2008. Knitting a 3D Model. Computer Graphics Forum 27 (Oct. 2008), 1737--1743. Issue 7.
17. Jonathan M. Kaldor, Doug L. James, and Steve Marschner. 2008. Simulating Knitted Cloth at the Yarn Level. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3 (Aug. 2008), 1--9.
18. Alexandre Kaspar, Liane Makatura, and Wojciech Matusik. 2019. Knitting Skeletons: A Computer-Aided Design Tool for Shaping and Patterning of Knitted Garments. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New Orleans, LA, USA) (UIST '19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 53--65.
19. Chelsea E. Knittel, Diana S. Nicholas, Reva M. Street, Caroline L. Schauer, and Genevieve Dion. 2015. Self-Folding Textiles through Manipulation of Knit Stitch Architecture. Fibers 3, 4 (2015), 575--587.
20. Tsz-Ho Kwok, Yan-Qiu Zhang, Charlie C. L. Wang, Yong-Jin Liu, and Kai Tang. 2016. Styling Evolution for Tight-Fitting Garments. IEEE Trans. on Vis. and Comp. Graph. 22, 5 (2016), 1580--1591.
21. François Ladevèze, Alfred Darroux, and Jacques Darroux. 1860. Méthode de coupe, pour hommes: systém Vauclair-Darroux (1ére èdition). Académie Internationale de Coupe de Paris.
22. Jonathan Leaf, Rundong Wu, Eston Schweickart, Doug L. James, and Steve Marschner. 2018. Interactive Design of Periodic Yarn-Level Cloth Patterns. ACM Trans. Graph. 37, 6, Article 202 (Dec. 2018), 15 pages.
23. Jie Li, Gilles Daviet, Rahul Narain, Florence Bertails-Descoubes, Matthew Overby, George E. Brown, and Laurence Boissieux. 2018a. An Implicit Frictional Contact Solver for Adaptive Cloth Simulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 37, 4, Article 52 (July 2018), 15 pages.
24. Minchen Li, Alla Sheffer, Eitan Grinspun, and Nicholas Vining. 2018b. Foldsketch: Enriching Garments with Physically Reproducible Folds. ACM Trans. Graph. 37, 4, Article 133 (July 2018), 13 pages.
25. Ligang Liu, Lei Zhang, Yin Xu, Craig Gotsman, and Steven J. Gortler. 2008. A Local/Global Approach to Mesh Parameterization. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing (Copenhagen, Denmark) (SGP '08). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 1495--1504.
26. Matthew Loper, Naureen Mahmood, and Michael J. Black. 2014. MoSh: Motion and Shape Capture from Sparse Markers. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 6, Article 220 (Nov. 2014), 13 pages.
27. Matthew Loper, Naureen Mahmood, Javier Romero, Gerard Pons-Moll, and Michael J. Black. 2015. SMPL: A Skinned Multi-Person Linear Model. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 6, Article 248 (Oct. 2015), 16 pages.
28. Mickaël Ly, Romain Casati, Florence Bertails-Descoubes, Mélina Skouras, and Laurence Boissieux. 2018. Inverse Elastic Shell Design with Contact and Friction. ACM Trans. Graph. 37, 6, Article 201 (Dec. 2018), 16 pages.
29. James McCann, Lea Albaugh, Vidya Narayanan, April Grow, Wojciech Matusik, Jennifer Mankof, and Jessica Hodgins. 2016. A Compiler for 3D Machine Knitting. ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 4, Article 49 (July 2016), 11 pages.
30. Yuwei Meng, Charlie C. L. Wang, and Xiaogang Jin. 2012. Flexible Shape Control for Automatic Resizing of Apparel Products. Comput. Aided Des. 44, 1 (Jan. 2012), 68--76.
31. Jun Mitani and Hiromasa Suzuki. 2004. Making Papercraft Toys from Meshes Using Strip-Based Approximate Unfolding. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3 (Aug. 2004), 259--263.
32. Juan Montes, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Sudhir Mudur, and Tiberiu Popa. 2020. Computational Design of Skintight Clothing. ACM Trans. Graph. 39, 4, Article 105 (July 2020), 12 pages.
33. Rahul Narain, Tobias Pfaff, and James F. O'Brien. 2013a. Folding and Crumpling Adaptive Sheets. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 4, Article 51 (July 2013), 8 pages.
34. Rahul Narain, Armin Samii, and James F. O'Brien. 2012. Adaptive Anisotropic Remeshing for Cloth Simulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 6, Article 152 (Nov. 2012), 10 pages.
35. Rahul Narain, Armin Samii, Tobias Pfaff, and James F. O'Brien. 2013b. ARCSim: Adaptive Refining and Coarsening Simulator. UC Berkeley. Retrieved March 16, 2020 from http://graphics.berkeley.edu/resources/ARCSim/
36. Vidya Narayanan, Lea Albaugh, Jessica Hodgins, Stelian Coros, and James Mccann. 2018. Automatic Machine Knitting of 3D Meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 37, 3, Article 35 (Aug. 2018), 15 pages.
37. Vidya Narayanan, Kui Wu, Cem Yuksel, and James McCann. 2019. Visual Knitting Machine Programming. ACM Trans. Graph. 38, 4, Article 63 (July 2019), 13 pages.
38. Olivier Nocent, Jean-Michel Nourrit, and Yannick Remion. 2001. Towards Mechanical Level of Detail for Knitwear Simulation. In The 9th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision. 252--259.
39. Julian Panetta, Qingnan Zhou, Luigi Malomo, Nico Pietroni, Paolo Cignoni, and Denis Zorin. 2015. Elastic Textures for Additive Fabrication. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 4, Article 135 (July 2015), 12 pages.
40. Jesús Pérez, Miguel A. Otaduy, and Bernhard Thomaszewski. 2017. Computational Design and Automated Fabrication of Kirchhoff-Plateau Surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 36, 4, Article 62 (July 2017), 12 pages.
41. Jesús Pérez, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Stelian Coros, Bernd Bickel, José A. Canabal, Robert Sumner, and Miguel A. Otaduy. 2015. Design and Fabrication of Flexible Rod Meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 4, Article 138 (July 2015), 12 pages.
42. Christian Schumacher, Bernd Bickel, Jan Rys, Steve Marschner, Chiara Daraio, and Markus Gross. 2015. Microstructures to Control Elasticity in 3D Printing. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 4, Article 136 (July 2015), 13 pages.
43. Shima Seiki. 2019. Mach 2XS153. https://www.shimaseiki.com/
44. Melina Skouras, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Stelian Coros, Bernd Bickel, and Markus Gross. 2013. Computational Design of Actuated Deformable Characters. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 4, Article 82 (July 2013), 10 pages.
45. Mélina Skouras, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Peter Kaufmann, Akash Garg, Bernd Bickel, Eitan Grinspun, and Markus Gross. 2014. Designing Inflatable Structures. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4, Article 63 (July 2014), 10 pages.
46. Zhan Song, Ronald Chung, and Xiao-Ting Zhang. 2013. An Accurate and Robust Strip-Edge-Based Structured Light Means for Shiny Surface Micromeasurement in 3-D. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, 3 (2013), 1023--1032.
47. David J. Spencer. 2001. Knitting Technology: A Comprehensive Handbook and Practical Guide (third edition ed.). Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, England.
48. Georg Sperl, Rahul Narain, and Chris Wojtan. 2020. Homogenized Yarn-Level Cloth. ACM Trans. Graph. 39, 4, Article 48 (July 2020), 16 pages.
49. Nobuyuki Umetani, Danny M. Kaufman, Takeo Igarashi, and Eitan Grinspun. 2011. Sensitive Couture for Interactive Garment Modeling and Editing. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Papers (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) (SIGGRAPH '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 90, 12 pages.
50. Pascal Volino, Martin Courchesne, and Nadia Magnenat Thalmann. 1995. Versatile and Efficient Techniques for Simulating Cloth and Other Deformable Objects. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '95). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 137--144.
51. Charlie C. L. Wang, Kin-Chuen Hui, and Kai-Man Tong. 2007. Volume Parameterization for Design Automation of Customized Free-Form Products. IEEE Trans. on Auto. Sci. and Eng. 4, 1 (2007), 11--21.
52. Charlie C. L. Wang and Kai Tang. 2005. Optimal Boundary Triangulations of an Interpolating Ruled Surface. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, 4 (02 2005), 291--301.
53. Charlie C. L. Wang and Kai Tang. 2010. Pattern Computation for Compression Garment by a Physical/Geometric Approach. Comput. Aided Des. 42, 2 (Feb. 2010), 78--86.
54. Charlie C L Wang, Yunbo Zhang, and Hoi Sheung. 2010. From Designing Products to Fabricating Them from Planar Materials. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 30, 06 (nov 2010), 74--85.
55. Huamin Wang, James F. O'Brien, and Ravi Ramamoorthi. 2011. Data-Driven Elastic Models for Cloth: Modeling and Measurement. ACM Trans. Graph. 30, 4, Article 71 (July 2011), 12 pages.
56. Kui Wu, Xifeng Gao, Zachary Ferguson, Daniele Panozzo, and Cem Yuksel. 2018. Stitch Meshing. ACM Trans. Graph. 37, 4, Article 130 (July 2018), 14 pages.
57. Kui Wu, Hannah Swan, and Cem Yuksel. 2019. Knittable Stitch Meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 38, 1, Article 10 (Jan. 2019), 13 pages.
58. Hongyi Xu, Yijing Li, Yong Chen, and Jernej Barbič. 2015. Interactive Material Design Using Model Reduction. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 2, Article 18 (March 2015), 14 pages.
59. Cem Yuksel, Jonathan M. Kaldor, Doug L. James, and Steve Marschner. 2012. Stitch Meshes for Modeling Knitted Clothing with Yarn-Level Detail. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 4, Article 37 (July 2012), 12 pages.
60. Jonas Zehnder, Espen Knoop, Moritz Bächer, and Bernhard Thomaszewski. 2017. Metasilicone: Design and Fabrication of Composite Silicone with Desired Mechanical Properties. ACM Trans. Graph. 36, 6, Article 240 (Nov. 2017), 13 pages.
61. Eugene Zhang, Konstantin Mischaikow, and Greg Turk. 2005. Feature-Based Surface Parameterization and Texture Mapping. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 1 (Jan. 2005), 1--27.
62. Xiaoting Zhang, Guoxin Fang, Melina Skouras, Gwenda Gieseler, Charlie C. L. Wang, and Emily Whiting. 2019. Computational Design of Fabric Formwork. ACM Trans. Graph. 38, 4, Article 109 (July 2019), 13 pages.
63. Xiaoting Zhang, Xinyi Le, Zihao Wu, Emily Whiting, and Charlie C. L. Wang. 2016. Data-Driven Bending Elasticity Design by Shell Thickness. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing (Berlin, Germany) (SGP '16). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 157--166.

Index Terms

• Computing methodologies

  • Computer graphics

    • Shape modeling

      • Mesh geometry models