Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the transition of workflows across sectors to digital platforms. In education settings, stakeholders previously reluctant to integrate computing technology in the classroom now find themselves with little choice but to embrace it. This move to the digital brings additional challenges in underserved contexts with limited, intermittent, and shared access to mobile or computing devices and the internet. In this rapidly evolving digital landscape, we investigate how educational institutions (schools and non-profit organizations) working with underserved populations in India are managing the transition to online or remote learning. We conducted twenty remote interviews with students, teachers, and administrators from underserved contexts across India. We found that online learning efforts in this setting relied on a resilient human infrastructure comprised of students, teachers, parents, administrators, and non-profit organizations to help navigate and overcome the limitations of available technical infrastructure. Our research aims to articulate lessons for educational technology design in the post-COVID period, outlining areas for improvement in the design of online learning platforms in resource-constrained settings, and identifying elements of online learning that could be retained to strengthen the education system overall.
- 2021. CamScanner. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamScannerGoogle Scholar
- 2021. Learning management system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_management_systemGoogle Scholar
- Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Md Romael Haque, Jay Chen, and Nicola Dell. 2017. Digital privacy challenges with shared mobile phone use in bangladesh. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, CSCW (2017), 1--20.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Steven J Jackson, Maruf Zaber, Mehrab Bin Morshed, Md Habibullah Bin Ismail, and Sharmin Afrose. 2013. Ecologies of use and design: individual and social practices of mobile phone use within low-literate rickshawpuller communities in urban Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computing for Development. 1--10.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Saleema Amershi, Meredith Ringel Morris, Neema Moraveji, Ravin Balakrishnan, and Kentaro Toyama. 2010. Multiple mouse text entry for single-display groupware. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work. 169--178.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Morgan G Ames. 2019. The charisma machine: The life, death, and legacy of One Laptop per Child. Mit Press.Google Scholar
- Kenneth M Anderson and Aaron Schram. 2011. Design and implementation of a data analytics infrastructure in support of crisis informatics research (NIER track). In Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering. 844--847.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ian Arawjo, Ariam Mogos, Steven J Jackson, Tapan Parikh, and Kentaro Toyama. 2019. Computing Education for Intercultural Learning: Lessons from the Nairobi Play Project. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (2019), 1--24.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Payal Arora and Nimmi Rangaswamy. 2013. Digital leisure for development: Reframing new media practice in the Global South. Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 35, 7 (2013), 898--905.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Gugulethu Baduza and Caroline Khene. 2019. A Holistic View of ICTD and Up-scaling of Community Development Projects. Development, Vol. 12 (2019), 15--2019.Google Scholar
- Abhijit Banerjee, Rukmini Banerji, James Berry, Esther Duflo, Harini Kannan, Shobhini Mukherji, Marc Shotland, and Michael Walton. 2016. Mainstreaming an effective intervention: Evidence from randomized evaluations of "Teaching at the Right Level" in India. Technical Report. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
- Rukmini Banerji, Suman Bhattacharjea, and Wilima Wadhwa. 2013. The annual status of education report (ASER). Research in Comparative and International Education, Vol. 8, 3 (2013), 387--396.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Anant Bhagwati, Arpan Sheth, Deval Sanghavi, and Srikrishnan Srinivasan. 2019. India Philanthropy Report 2019.Google Scholar
- Jenna Burrell. 2010. Evaluating Shared Access: social equality and the circulation of mobile phones in rural Uganda. Journal of computer-mediated communication, Vol. 15, 2 (2010), 230--250.Google Scholar
- Erik Byker. 2014. ICT in India's elementary schools: The vision and realities. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, Vol. 13, 2 (2014), 27--40.Google Scholar
- Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Justin Souvenir Niweteto, Yves Thierry Adji, Akpe Y Hermann, Kaja K Jasinska, Timothy X Brown, and Amy Ogan. 2020. I'm fine where I am, but I want to do more: Exploring Teacher Aspirations in Rural Côte d'Ivoire. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. 1--12.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ruy Cervantes, Mark Warschauer, Bonnie Nardi, and Nithya Sambasivan. 2011. Infrastructures for low-cost laptop use in Mexican schools. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 945--954.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Gretchen Rhines Cheney, Betsy Brown Ruzzi, and Karthik Muralidharan. 2005. A profile of the Indian education system. Prepared for the New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce (2005).Google Scholar
- Camille Cobb, Ted McCarthy, Annuska Perkins, Ankitha Bharadwaj, Jared Comis, Brian Do, and Kate Starbird. 2014. Designing for the Deluge: Understanding & Supporting the Distributed, Collaborative Work of Crisis Volunteers. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Baltimore, Maryland, USA) (CSCW '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 888--899. https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531712Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Larry Cuban and Petar Jandrić. 2015. The dubious promise of educational technologies: Historical patterns and future challenges. E-Learning and Digital Media, Vol. 12, 3--4 (2015), 425--439.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Débora de Castro Leal, Max Krüger, Kaoru Misaki, David Randall, and Volker Wulf. 2019. Guerilla Warfare and the Use of New (and some old) Technology: Lessons from FARC's Armed Struggle in Colombia. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--12.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Sibnath Deb, Esben Strodl, and Jiandong Sun. 2015. Academic stress, parental pressure, anxiety and mental health among Indian high school students. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 5, 1 (2015), 26--34.Google Scholar
- Jennifer DeBoer, Casey Haney, S Zahra Atiq, Casey Smith, and David Cox. 2019. Hands-on engagement online: using a randomised control trial to estimate the impact of an at-home lab kit on student attitudes and achievement in a MOOC. European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 44, 1--2 (2019), 234--252.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Nicola Dell and Neha Kumar. 2016. The ins and outs of HCI for development. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 2220--2232.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Melissa Densmore, Ben Bellows, John Chuang, and Eric Brewer. 2013. The evolving braid: how an organization in Uganda achieved reliable communications. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development: Full Papers-Volume 1. 257--266.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Shivangi Dhawan. 2020. Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Vol. 49, 1 (2020), 5--22.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Darina Dicheva, Christo Dichev, Gennady Agre, and Galia Angelova. 2015. Gamification in education: A systematic mapping study. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, Vol. 18, 3 (2015).Google Scholar
- Emma Dorn, Bryan Hancock, Jimmy Sarakatsannis, and Ellen Viruleg. 2020. COVID-19 and student learning in the United States: The hurt could last a lifetime. McKinsey & Company (2020).Google Scholar
- Michaelanne Dye, David Nemer, Josiah Mangiameli, Amy S Bruckman, and Neha Kumar. 2018. El Paquete Semanal: The Week's Internet in Havana. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--12.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Rikin Gandhi, Rajesh Veeraraghavan, Kentaro Toyama, and Vanaja Ramprasad. 2007. Digital green: Participatory video for agricultural extension. In 2007 International conference on information and communication technologies and development. IEEE, 1--10.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Shikoh Gitau and Gary Marsden. 2009. Fair Partnerships--Working With NGOs. In IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, 704--707.Google Scholar
- Leo A Goodman. 1961. Snowball sampling. The annals of mathematical statistics (1961), 148--170.Google Scholar
- Thilina Halloluwa, Dhaval Vyas, Hakim Usoof, and K Priyantha Hewagamage. 2018. Gamification for development: a case of collaborative learning in Sri Lankan primary schools. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 22, 2 (2018), 391--407.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Mohd Kamrul Islam and Frances Slack. 2016. Women in rural Bangladesh: Empowered by access to mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 75--84.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Azra Ismail and Neha Kumar. 2019. Empowerment on the margins: The online experiences of community health workers. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--15.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Matthew Kam. 2010. Language and literacy learning in developing communities via cellphones. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences-Volume 2. 106--108.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Matthew Kam, Akhil Mathur, Anuj Kumar, and John Canny. 2009. Designing digital games for rural children: a study of traditional village games in India. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 31--40.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Naveena Karusala, Aditya Vishwanath, Arkadeep Kumar, Aman Mangal, and Neha Kumar. 2017. Care as a resource in underserved learning environments. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, CSCW (2017), 1--22.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Naveena Karusala, Aditya Vishwanath, Aditya Vashistha, Sunita Kumar, and Neha Kumar. 2018. "Only if you use English you will get to more things" Using Smartphones to Navigate Multilingualism. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--14.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Marina Kogan, Leysia Palen, and Kenneth M. Anderson. 2015a. Think Local, Retweet Global: Retweeting by the Geographically-Vulnerable during Hurricane Sandy. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 981--993. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675218Google Scholar
- Marina Kogan, Leysia Palen, and Kenneth M Anderson. 2015b. Think local, retweet global: Retweeting by the geographically-vulnerable during Hurricane Sandy. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing. 981--993.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Noel Konagai. 2020. Understanding the Use of WhatsApp by Teacher Groups in Low-income South Indian Schools. (2020).Google Scholar
- Kenneth L Kraemer, Jason Dedrick, and Prakul Sharma. 2009. One laptop per child: vision vs. reality. Commun. ACM, Vol. 52, 6 (2009), 66--73.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Mangala Sunder Krishnan. 2009. NPTEL: A programme for free online and open engineering and science education. In 2009 International Workshop on Technology for Education. IEEE, 1--5.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Chinmay Kulkarni, Koh Pang Wei, Huy Le, Daniel Chia, Kathryn Papadopoulos, Justin Cheng, Daphne Koller, and Scott R Klemmer. 2013. Peer and self assessment in massive online classes. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), Vol. 20, 6 (2013), 1--31.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Anuj Kumar, Pooja Reddy, Anuj Tewari, Rajat Agrawal, and Matthew Kam. 2012. Improving literacy in developing countries using speech recognition-supported games on mobile devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1149--1158.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Neha Kumar. 2014. Facebook for self-empowerment? A study of Facebook adoption in urban India. New media & society, Vol. 16, 7 (2014), 1122--1137.Google Scholar
- Neha Kumar and Richard J Anderson. 2015. Mobile phones for maternal health in rural India. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 427--436.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Neha Kumar, Marisol Wong-Villacres, Naveena Karusala, Aditya Vishwanath, Arkadeep Kumar, and Azra Ismail. 2019. Aspirations-based design. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. 1--11.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Martha Larson, Nitendra Rajput, Abhigyan Singh, and Saurabh Srivastava. 2013. I want to be Sachin Tendulkar! a spoken english cricket game for rural students. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. 1353--1364.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Shaimaa Lazem and Hussein Aly Jad. 2017. We play we learn: Exploring the value of digital educational games in Rural Egypt. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2782--2791.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Dan Levin. 2020. No Home, No Wi-Fi: Pandemic Adds to Strain on Poor College Students. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/12/us/covid-poor-college-students.html?referringSource=articleShareGoogle Scholar
- Michael A Madaio, Fabrice Tanoh, Axel Blahoua Seri, Kaja Jasinska, and Amy Ogan. 2019. " Everyone Brings Their Grain of Salt" Designing for Low-Literate Parental Engagement with a Mobile Literacy Technology in Côte d'Ivoire. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--15.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Michael A Madaio, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Vikram Kamath, Benjamin D Zinszer, Joelle Hannon-Cropp, Fabrice Tanoh, Yapo Hermann Akpe, Axel Blahoua Seri, Kaja K Jasi'nska, and Amy Ogan. 2020. Collective Support and Independent Learning with a Voice-Based Literacy Technology in Rural Communities. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--14.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Clare Madge, Markus Roos Breines, Mwazvita Tapiwa Beatrice Dalu, Ashley Gunter, Jenna Mittelmeier, Paul Prinsloo, and Parvati Raghuram. 2019. WhatsApp use among African international distance education (IDE) students: transferring, translating and transforming educational experiences. Learning, Media and Technology, Vol. 44, 3 (2019), 267--282.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Maria Inês Marcondes. 1999. Teacher education in Brazil. Journal of Education for Teaching, Vol. 25, 3 (1999), 203--213.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Gloria Mark, Mossaab Bagdouri, Leysia Palen, James Martin, Ban Al-Ani, and Kenneth Anderson. 2012. Blogs as a Collective War Diary. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Seattle, Washington, USA) (CSCW '12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 37--46. https://doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145215Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Nina Mazar, On Amir, and Dan Ariely. 2008. The dishonesty of honest people: A theory of self-concept maintenance. Journal of marketing research, Vol. 45, 6 (2008), 633--644.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Patrick Meier and Kate Brodock. 2008. Crisis mapping Kenya's election violence: Comparing mainstream news, citizen journalism and Ushahidi. iRevolution Blog, October, Vol. 23 (2008).Google Scholar
- Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Danah Boyd, Emre Kiciman, Munmun De Choudhury, and Scott Counts. 2013. The new war correspondents: The rise of civic media curation in urban warfare. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. 1443--1452.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Prema Nedungadi, Karunya Mulki, and Raghu Raman. 2018. Improving educational outcomes & reducing absenteeism at remote villages with mobile technology and WhatsAPP: Findings from rural India. Education and Information Technologies, Vol. 23, 1 (2018), 113--127.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration. 2016. About DISE. http://schoolreportcards.in/DISE.InResponsive/AboutDISE/AboutDISE.aspxGoogle Scholar
- World Health Organization et al. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72. (2020).Google Scholar
- Leysia Palen and Kenneth M Anderson. 2016. Crisis informatics-New data for extraordinary times. Science, Vol. 353, 6296 (2016), 224--225.Google Scholar
- Sachin R Pendse, Faisal M Lalani, Munmun De Choudhury, Amit Sharma, and Neha Kumar. 2020. " Like Shock Absorbers": Understanding the Human Infrastructures of Technology-Mediated Mental Health Support. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--14.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Anthony Poon, Sarah Giroux, Parfait Eloundou-Enyegue, Francc ois Guimbretière, and Nicola Dell. 2019. Engaging high school students in cameroon with exam practice quizzes via sms and whatsapp. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--13.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Pratham. [n.d.] a. http://img.asercentre.org/docs/ASER%202018/Release%20Material/aserreport2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Pratham. [n.d.] b. http://img.asercentre.org/docs/ASER%202018/Release%20Material/aserreport2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Yan Qu, Chen Huang, Pengyi Zhang, and Jun Zhang. 2011. Microblogging after a major disaster in China: a case study of the 2010 Yushu earthquake. In Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. 25--34.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- VK Raina. 1999. Indigenizing teacher education in developing countries: The Indian context. Prospects, Vol. 29, 1 (1999), 5--25.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Subramaniam Ramadorai. 2011. Tata Consultancy Services Story-and Beyond. Penguin Books India.Google Scholar
- Nimmi Rangaswamy and Melissa Densmore. 2013. Understanding Jugaad: ICTD and the tensions of appropriation, innovation and utility. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes-Volume 2. 120--123.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Nimmi Rangaswamy and Nithya Sambasivan. 2011. Cutting Chai, Jugaad, and Here Pheri: towards UbiComp for a global community. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 15, 6 (2011), 553--564.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Nithya Sambasivan, Ed Cutrell, Kentaro Toyama, and Bonnie Nardi. 2010. Intermediated technology use in developing communities. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2583--2592.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Nithya Sambasivan and Thomas Smyth. 2010. The human infrastructure of ICTD. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on information and communication technologies and development. 1--9.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kjeld Schmidt. 2014. The concept of "practice': What's the point?. In COOP 2014-Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, 27--30 May 2014, Nice (France). Springer, 427--444.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Bryan Semaan and Gloria Mark. 2011. Technology-mediated social arrangements to resolve breakdowns in infrastructure during ongoing disruption. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), Vol. 18, 4 (2011), 1--21.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Bryan Semaan and Gloria Mark. 2012. 'facebooking'towards crisis recovery and beyond: disruption as an opportunity. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer supported cooperative work. 27--36.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Thomas N Smyth, Satish Kumar, Indrani Medhi, and Kentaro Toyama. 2010. Where there's a will there's a way: mobile media sharing in urban india. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems. 753--762.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Robert Soden and Leysia Palen. 2016. Infrastructure in the wild: What mapping in post-earthquake Nepal reveals about infrastructural emergence. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2796--2807.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Robert Soden and Leysia Palen. 2018. Informating crisis: Expanding critical perspectives in crisis informatics. Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, Vol. 2, CSCW (2018), 1--22.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Piya Sorcar, Benjamin Strauber, Prashant Loyalka, Neha Kumar, and Shelley Goldman. 2017. Sidestepping the elephant in the classroom: Using culturally localized technology to teach around taboos. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2792--2804.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kate Starbird and Leysia Palen. 2011. " Voluntweeters" self-organizing by digital volunteers in times of crisis. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1071--1080.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kate Starbird, Leysia Palen, Amanda L. Hughes, and Sarah Vieweg. 2010. Chatter on the Red: What Hazards Threat Reveals about the Social Life of Microblogged Information. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Savannah, Georgia, USA) (CSCW '10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 241--250. https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718965Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Stefan Stieglitz, Deborah Bunker, Milad Mirbabaie, and Christian Ehnis. 2018. Sense-making in social media during extreme events. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 26, 1 (2018), 4--15.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Marilyn N Suydam and Jon L Higgins. 1977. Activity-based learning in elementary school mathematics: Recommendations from research. (1977).Google Scholar
- Gareth Terry, Nikki Hayfield, Victoria Clarke, and Virginia Braun. 2017. Thematic analysis. The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology (2017), 17--37.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Emeline Therias, Jon Bird, and Paul Marshall. 2015. Más Tecnologia, Más Cambio? Investigating an Educational Technology Project in Rural Peru. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 447--456. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702595Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Feng Tian, Fei Lv, Jingtao Wang, Hongan Wang, Wencan Luo, Matthew Kam, Vidya Setlur, Guozhong Dai, and John Canny. 2010. Let's play chinese characters: mobile learning approaches via culturally inspired group games. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1603--1612.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Cristen Torrey, Moira Burke, Matthew Lee, Anind Dey, Susan Fussell, and Sara Kiesler. 2007. Connected giving: Ordinary people coordinating disaster relief on the Internet. In 2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07). IEEE, 179a--179a.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kentaro Toyama. 2011. There are no technology shortcuts to good education. Educational Technology Debate, Vol. 8 (2011).Google Scholar
- Judith Uchidiuno, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Emily Keebler, Kenneth Koedinger, and Amy Ogan. 2019. Learning from african classroom pedagogy to increase student engagement in education technologies. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. 99--110.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Wim Van Lancker and Zachary Parolin. 2020. COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Health, Vol. 5, 5 (2020), e243--e244.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Rama Adithya Varanasi, René F Kizilcec, and Nicola Dell. 2019. How Teachers in India Reconfigure their Work Practices around a Teacher-Oriented Technology Intervention. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (2019), 1--21.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Rama Adithya Varanasi, Aditya Vashistha, Tapan Parikh, and Nicola Dell. 2020. Challenges and Issues Integrating Smartphones into Teacher Support Programs in India. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. 1--11.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Sarah Vieweg. 2012. Twitter Communications in Mass Emergency: Contributions to Situational Awareness. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion (Seattle, Washington, USA) (CSCW '12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 227--230. https://doi.org/10.1145/2141512.2141584Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Eleonora Villegas-Reimers et al. 2003. Teacher professional development: an international review of the literature. International Institute for Educational Planning Paris.Google Scholar
- Aditya Vishwanath, Matthew Kam, and Neha Kumar. 2017. Examining low-cost virtual reality for learning in low-resource environments. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. 1277--1281.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Aditya Vishwanath, Arkadeep Kumar, and Neha Kumar. 2016. Learning about Teaching in Low-Resource Indian Contexts. In Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale. 305--308.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Joanne I White, Leysia Palen, and Kenneth M Anderson. 2014. Digital mobilization in disaster response: the work & self-organization of on-line pet advocates in response to hurricane sandy. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing. 866--876.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Marisol Wong-Villacres, Neha Kumar, and Betsy DiSalvo. 2019 a. The Parenting Actor-Network of Latino Immigrants in the United States. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--12.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Marisol Wong-Villacres, Neha Kumar, and Betsy DiSalvo. 2019 b. The Work of Bilingual Parent-Education Liaisons: Assembling Information Patchworks for Immigrant Parents. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (2019), 1--24.Google Scholar
- Marisol Wong-Villacres, Cristina M Velasquez, and Neha Kumar. 2017. Social Media for Earthquake Response: Unpacking its Limitations with Care. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, CSCW (2017), 1--22.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Volker Wulf, Konstantin Aal, Ibrahim Abu Kteish, Meryem Atam, Kai Schubert, Markus Rohde, George P Yerousis, and David Randall. 2013. Fighting against the wall: social media use by political activists in a Palestinian village. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1979--1988.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ke Zhang, Curtis J Bonk, Thomas C Reeves, and Thomas H Reynolds. 2019. MOOCs and open education in the Global South: Challenges, successes, and opportunities. Routledge.Google Scholar
Index Terms
The Pandemic Shift to Remote Learning under Resource Constraints
Recommendations
Care as a Resource in Underserved Learning Environments
We present results from an ethnographic inquiry of technology-based learning at an after-school learning center in Mumbai (India) that caters to students from neighboring slum communities.We conducted participant observation for 120 hours and 58 semi-...
Explaining caste-based digital divide in India
Highlights- Caste is an important and unique axis of inequality in India. Caste based digital divide can exacerbate the existing socioeconomic divisions between ...
AbstractWith the increasing importance of information and communication technologies in access to basic services like education and health, the question of digital divide based on caste assumes importance in India where large socioeconomic ...
Measuring the Learning Benefits of Electronic Teaching Aids in Low-Resource Classrooms
ACM DEV-5 '14: Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Symposium on Computing for DevelopmentThough there has been widespread enthusiasm to leverage technology to strengthen low-resource classrooms, to date very few programs have documented rigorous benefits from such interventions. In this paper, we describe an exploratory evaluation of the ...






Comments