Abstract
Spatial experience, or how humans experience a given space, has been a pivotal topic especially in urban-scale environments. On the human scale, HCI researchers have mostly investigated personal meanings or aesthetic and embodied experiences. In this paper, we investigate the human scale as an ensemble of individual spatial features. Through large-scale online questionnaires we first collected a rich set of spatial features that people generally use to characterize their surroundings. Second, we conducted a set of field interviews to develop a more nuanced understanding of the feature identified as most important: perceived safety. Our combined quantitative and qualitative analysis contributes to spatial understanding as a form of context information and presents a timely investigation into the perceived safety of human scale spaces. By connecting our results to the broader scientific literature, we contribute to the field of HCI spatial understanding.
- Hamed S. Alavi, Elizabeth F. Churchill, Mikael Wiberg, Denis Lalanne, Peter Dalsgaard, Ava Fatah gen Schieck, and Yvonne Rogers. 2019. Introduction to Human-Building Interaction (HBI): Interfacing HCI with Architecture and Urban Design . ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction , Vol. 26, 2 (March 2019), 6:1--6:10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3309714Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Christopher Alexander. 1974. Notes on the synthesis of form .Havard University, Cambridge (Mass.).Google Scholar
- Till Ballendat, Nicolai Marquardt, and Saul Greenberg. 2010. Proxemic interaction: designing for a proximity and orientation-aware environment. In ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces - ITS '10. ACM Press, Saarbrücken, Germany, 121. https://doi.org/10.1145/1936652.1936676Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jan Blom, Divya Viswanathan, Mirjana Spasojevic, Janet Go, Karthik Acharya, and Robert Ahonius. 2010. Fear and the city: Role of mobile services in harnessing safety and security in urban use contexts. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings , Vol. 3. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1841--1850. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753602Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Otto Bollnow. 2021. Human Space. Mimesis International, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.Google Scholar
- Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology , Vol. 3 (2006), 77--101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oaGoogle Scholar
Digital Library
- Philipp Brauner, Julia van Heek, Martina Ziefle, Nur Al-huda Hamdan, and Jan Borchers. 2017. Interactive FUrniTURE: Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces for Home Environments. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. ACM, Brighton United Kingdom, 151--160. https://doi.org/10.1145/3132272.3134128Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Olga Chesnokova, Mario Nowak, and Ross S. Purves. 2017. A crowdsourced model of landscape preference. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs , Vol. 86, 19 (2017), 1--13. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.19 ISBN: 9783959770439.Google Scholar
- Fernanda de Oliveira Capela and Jose Emmanuel Ramirez-Marquez. 2019. Detecting urban identity perception via newspaper topic modeling. Cities , Vol. 93, April (2019), 72--83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.04.009 Publisher: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Anind K. Dey. 2001. Understanding and Using Context . Personal and Ubiquitous Computing , Vol. 5, 1 (Jan. 2001), 4--7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007790170019Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Dmitrijs Dmitrenko, Emanuela Maggioni, and Marianna Obrist. 2017. OSpace: Towards a Systematic Exploration of Olfactory Interaction Spaces. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. ACM, Brighton United Kingdom, 171--180. https://doi.org/10.1145/3132272.3134121Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Paul Dourish. 2006. Re-space-ing place: "place" and "space" ten years on. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 299--308. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180875.1180921Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby. 2013. Speculative everything: Design, fiction, and social dreaming .The MIT Press, United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epv001 ISSN: 0952--4649 Publication Title: Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Hinnerk Eifeldt. 2019. Supporting urban air mobility with citizen participatory noise sensing: A concept. In The Web Conference 2019 - Companion of the World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2019. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 93--95. https://doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3317059Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ilker Etikan. 2016. Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling . American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics , Vol. 5, 1 (2016), 1. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Andreas Fender and Jörg Müller. 2019. SpaceState: Ad-Hoc Definition and Recognition of Hierarchical Room States for Smart Environments . In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. ACM, Daejeon Republic of Korea, 303--314. https://doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359715Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jan Gehl. 2010. Cities for people .Island Press, Washington. ISSN: 07310455 Publication Title: Places.Google Scholar
- Jorge Goncalves, Simo Hosio, Denzil Ferreira, and Vassilis Kostakos. 2014. Game of words: tagging places through crowdsourcing on public displays. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems. ACM, Vancouver BC Canada, 705--714. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598514Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Roddy M. Grieves and Kate J. Jeffery. 2017. The representation of space in the brain. Behavioural Processes , Vol. 135 (Feb. 2017), 113--131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.12.012Google Scholar
- Edward Twitchell Hall. 1969. The hidden dimension: man's use of space in public and private .Doubleday, New York. https://oula.finna.fi/Record/oula.328721Google Scholar
- Steve Harrison and Paul Dourish. 1996. Re-place-ing space: The roles of place and space in collaborative systems. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 67--76.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- B Hillier. 2007. Space is the Machine. A configurational Theory. Space Syntax, London, United Kingdom. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/49843/Google Scholar
- Steve Howard, Jennie Carroll, John Murphy, and Jane Peck. 2002. Using 'endowed props' in scenario-based design. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series , Vol. 31. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1--9. https://doi.org/10.1145/572020.572022Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Yen Chia Hsu, Michael Tasota, Jennifer Cross, Beatrice Dias, Paul Dille, Randy Sargent, Ting Hao Huang, and Illah Nourbakhsh. 2019. Smell Pittsburgh: Community-empowered mobile smell reporting system. In International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Proceedings IUI. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 65--79. https://doi.org/10.1145/3301275.3302293 _eprint: 1810.11143.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Kee Moon Jang and Youngchul Kim. 2019. Crowd-sourced cognitive mapping: A new way of displaying people's cognitive perception of urban space. PLoS ONE , Vol. 14, 6 (2019), 1--18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218590 Publisher: Public Library of Science.Google Scholar
- Andrew Jenkins, Arie Croitoru, Andrew T. Crooks, and Anthony Stefanidis. 2016. Crowdsourcing a collective sense of place. PLoS ONE , Vol. 11, 4 (April 2016), e0152932. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152932 Publisher: Public Library of Science.Google Scholar
- David Kirsh. 2019. Do architects and designers think about interactivity differently? ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction , Vol. 26, 2 (April 2019), 1--43. https://doi.org/10.1145/3301425 Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Peter Gall Krogh, Marianne Graves Petersen, Kenton O'Hara, and Jens Emil Grønbæk. 2017. Sensitizing concepts for socio-spatial literacy in HCI. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Vol. 2017-May. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6449--6460. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025756Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Saskia Kuliga, Ruth Conroy Dalton, and Christoph Hölscher. 2013. Aesthetic and emotional appraisal of the Seattle public library and its relation to spatial configuration. In 2013 International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University Press, Sejong. ISBN: 9788986177213.Google Scholar
- Florian Lederbogen, Peter Kirsch, Leila Haddad, Fabian Streit, Heike Tost, Philipp Schuch, Stefan Wüst, Jens C. Pruessner, Marcella Rietschel, Michael Deuschle, and Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg. 2011. City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans. Nature , Vol. 474, 7352 (June 2011), 498--501. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10190Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- H. Lefebvre. 1991. The production of space .Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.2307/490789 ISSN: 04353684 Publication Title: The production of space.Google Scholar
- Laura Lentini and Françoise Decortis. 2010. Space and places: When interacting with and in physical space becomes a meaningful experience. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing , Vol. 14, 5 (2010), 407--415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0267-yGoogle Scholar
Digital Library
- Pall J. Lindal and Terry Hartig. 2013. Architectural variation, building height, and the restorative quality of urban residential streetscapes. Journal of Environmental Psychology , Vol. 33 (March 2013), 26--36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.09.003Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Emanuela Maggioni, Robert Cobden, Dmitrijs Dmitrenko, Kasper Hornbæk, and Marianna Obrist. 2020. SMELL SPACE: Mapping out the Olfactory Design Space for Novel Interactions . ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction , Vol. 27, 5 (Aug. 2020), 1--26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3402449Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Nora McDonald, Sarita Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and Inter-rater Reliability in Qualitative Research: Norms and Guidelines for CSCW and HCI Practice . Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction , Vol. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 1--23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359174Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Daniel R. Montello. 2014. Spatial Cognition and Architectural Space: Research Perspectives . Architectural Design , Vol. 84, 5 (2014), 74--79. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.1811 _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ad.1811.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Sara Nabil, Thomas Plötz, and David S. Kirk. 2017. Interactive Architecture: Exploring and Unwrapping the Potentials of Organic User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. ACM, Yokohama Japan, 89--100. https://doi.org/10.1145/3024969.3024981Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Oscar Newman. 1996. Creating Defensible Space. Technical Report. Institute for Community Design Analysis.Google Scholar
- Jonas Oppenlaender, Kristy Milland, Aku Visuri, Panos Ipeirotis, and Simo Hosio. 2020. Creativity on Paid Crowdsourcing Platforms . In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376677Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Juhani Pallasmaa. 2006. Eyes of the skin: Architecture and the senses .Academy Editions, London. https://oula.finna.fi/Record/oula.501718 www.wileyeurope.com ISSN: 07460554 Publication Title: Architect.Google Scholar
- Juhani Pallasmaa. 2014. Space, place and atmosphere. Emotion and peripherical perception in architectural experience. Lebenswelt: Aesthetics and Philosophy of Experience , Vol. 0, 4 (July 2014), 230--245. https://doi.org/10.13130/2240--9599/4202Google Scholar
- Annemarie Ruijsbroek, Mariël Droomers, Peter P. Groenewegen, Wim Hardyns, and Karien Stronks. 2015. Social safety, self-rated general health and physical activity: Changes in area crime, area safety feelings and the role of social cohesion. Health and Place , Vol. 31 (2015), 39--45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.10.008Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Gillian M. Sandstrom, Neal Lathia, Cecilia Mascolo, and Peter J. Rentfrow. 2017. Putting mood in context: Using smartphones to examine how people feel in different locations. Journal of Research in Personality , Vol. 69, C (2017), 96--101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.004Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Christine Satchell and Marcus Foth. 2011. Welcome to the jungle: HCI after dark. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 753--762. https://doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979630 ISBN: 9781450302289.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Susanne Schmidt, Frank Steinicke, Andrew Irlitti, and Bruce H Thomas. 2018. Floor-Projected Guidance Cues for Collaborative Exploration of Spatial Augmented Reality Setups . In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 11.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Avishag Shemesh, Gerry Leisman, Moshe Bar, and Yasha Jacob Grobman. 2021. A neurocognitive study of the emotional impact of geometrical criteria of architectural space. Architectural Science Review , Vol. 64, 4 (July 2021), 394--407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2021.1940827Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Peter Sloterdijk. 2016. Spheres. Volume 3, Foams : plural spherology .Semiotext(e), South Pasadena, Calif. Publication Title: Semiotext(e) foreign agents series.Google Scholar
- Shenando Stals, Michael Smyth, and Oli Mival. 2019. UrbanixD: From ethnography to speculative design fictions for the hybrid city. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3363384.3363486Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Yuichiro Takeuchi. 2014. Towards Habitable Bits: Digitizing the Built Environment. In Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces - ITS '14. ACM Press, Dresden, Germany, 209--218. https://doi.org/10.1145/2669485.2669506Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Michael Wessely, Ticha Sethapakdi, Carlos Castillo, Jackson C. Snowden, Ollie Hanton, Isabel P. S. Qamar, Mike Fraser, Anne Roudaut, and Stefanie Mueller. 2020. Sprayable User Interfaces: Prototyping Large-Scale Interactive Surfaces with Sensors and Displays. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Honolulu HI USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376249Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jill Palzkill Woelfer, Amy Iverson, David G. Hendry, Batya Friedman, and Brian T. Gill. 2011. Improving the safety of homeless young people with mobile phones: Values, form and function. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1707--1716. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979191Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Xiaoyi Yuan and Andrew Crooks. 2019. Assessing the placeness of locations through user-contributed content. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on AI for Geographic Knowledge Discovery, GeoAI 2019 (GeoAI 2019). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 15--23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3356471.3365231 ISBN: 9781450369572.Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
Investigating Human Scale Spatial Experience
Recommendations
The Phenomenology of Remembered Experience: A Repertoire for Design
ECCE '16: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive ErgonomicsThere is a growing interest in interactive technologies that support remembering by considering functional, experiential, and emotional support to their users. Design driven research benefits from an understanding of how people experience ...
Visualize your spatial experience (VYSE): a method and a case study in an exhibition center
NordiCHI '12: Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through DesignWhen designing ubiquitous technology applications for an existing physical environment using a user-centered design process, an important challenge is to understand how the target space is experienced by its users. In this paper, we propose Visualize ...
Experience tags: enriching sensor data in an awareness display for family caregivers
AmI'11: Proceedings of the Second international conference on Ambient IntelligenceThe design of awareness displays to support family care has been explored in many recent studies. Whereas user studies indicate that caregivers are interested to know seniors' subjective experiences regarding activities, events and general attitudes, ...






Comments