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A Survey of Blockchain Data Management Systems

Published:28 May 2022Publication History
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Abstract

Blockchain has been widely deployed in various fields, such as finance, education, and public services. Blockchain has decentralized mechanisms with persistency and auditability and runs as an immutable distributed ledger, where transactions are jointly performed through cryptocurrency-based consensus algorithms by worldwide distributed nodes. There have been many survey papers reviewing the blockchain technologies from different perspectives, e.g., digital currencies, consensus algorithms, and smart contracts. However, none of them have focused on the blockchain data management systems. To fill in this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive survey on the data management systems, based on three typical types of blockchain, i.e., standard blockchain, hybrid blockchain, and DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)-based blockchain. We categorize their data management mechanisms into three layers: blockchain architecture, blockchain data structure, and blockchain storage engine, where block architecture indicates how to record transactions on a distributed ledger, blockchain data structure refers to the internal structure of each block, and blockchain storage engine specifies the storage form of data on the blockchain system. For each layer, the works advancing the state-of-the-art are discussed together with technical challenges. Furthermore, we lay out several possible future research directions for the blockchain data management systems.

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        cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
        ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems  Volume 21, Issue 3
        May 2022
        365 pages
        ISSN:1539-9087
        EISSN:1558-3465
        DOI:10.1145/3530307
        • Editor:
        • Tulika Mitra
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        Publication History

        • Published: 28 May 2022
        • Online AM: 26 January 2022
        • Accepted: 1 November 2021
        • Revised: 1 September 2021
        • Received: 1 January 2021
        Published in tecs Volume 21, Issue 3

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