skip to main content
10.1145/3502870.3506570acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesiticseConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

Professional Competencies in Computing Education: Pedagogies and Assessment

Published:30 December 2021Publication History

ABSTRACT

Competency-based learning has been a successful pedagogical approach for centuries, but only recently has it gained traction within computing. Competencies, as defined in Computing Curricula 2020, comprise knowledge, skills, and professional dispositions. Building on recent developments in competency and computing education, this working group examined relevant pedagogical theories, investigates various skill frameworks, reviewed competencies and standard practices in other professional disciplines such as medicine and law. It also investigated the integrative nature of content knowledge, skills, and professional dispositions in defining professional competencies in computing education. In addition, the group explored appropriate pedagogies and competency assessment approaches. It also developed guidelines for evaluating student achievement against relevant professional competency frameworks and explores partnering with employers to offer students genuine professional experience. Finally, possible challenges and opportunities in moving from traditional knowledge-based to competency-based education were also examined. This report makes recommendations to inspire educators of future computing professionals and smooth students' transition from academia to employment.

References

  1. Flexner A. 1910. Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . Technical Report 4. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. ABET, Inc. 2021 a. ABET Webpage. https://www.abet.org .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. ABET, Inc. 2021 b. Criteria for Accrediting Computing Programs, Effective for Review During the 2021--22 Accreditation Cycle. https://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditation-criteria/criteria-for-accrediting-computing-programs-2021--2022/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. ABET, Inc. 2021 c. Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs, Effective for Review During the 2021--22 Accreditation Cycle. https://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditation-criteria/criteria-for-accrediting-engineering-programs-2021--2022/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). 2021. Internal Medicine Milestones . https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Milestones/InternalMedicineMilestones.pdf?ver=2017-07--28-090326--78 .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. ACM/AIS. 2010. IS 2010: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Information Systems .ACM, New York, NY, USA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. ACM/IEEE-Computer Society. 2013. Computer Science Curricula 2013 . Technical Report. ACM Press and IEEE Computer Society Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/2534860Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Mathilde Almlund, Angela Lee Duckworth, James Heckman, and Tim Kautz. 2011a. Personality Psychology and Economics. In Handbook of the Economics of Education. Vol. 4. Elsevier, Cambridge, MA, Chapter Chapter 1, 1--181. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:educhp:4--1Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. Mathilde Almlund, Angela Lee Duckworth, James J Heckman, and Tim D Kautz. 2011b. Personality Psychology and Economics. https://doi.org/10.3386/w16822Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Steve Alsop. 2005. Beyond Cartesian Dualism: Encountering Affect in the Teaching and Learning of Science. Vol. 29. Springer Science & Business Media, Netherlands.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Lorin W Anderson, Benjamin Samuel Bloom, et almbox. 2001. Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, A: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Abridged Edition .Pearson, New Jersey.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Mark Ardis, David Budgen, Gregory W. Hislop, Jeff Offutt, Mark Sebern, and Willem Visser. 2015. SE 2014: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Software Engineering. Computer , Vol. 48, 11 (Nov. 2015), 106--109. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2015.345Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. American Bar Association. 2014. ABA Standards and Rules of Procedure for Approval of Law Schools 2014--2015. https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/misc/legal_education/Standards/2014_2015_aba_standards_and_rules_of_procedure_for_approval_of_law_schools_bookmarked.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. American Psychological Association. 2021. APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. The American Bar Association. 2020. ABA Standards and Rules of Procedure for Approval of Law Schools 2020--2021. https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/misc/legal_education/Standards/2020--2021_aba_standards_and_rules_of_procedure_for_approval_of_law_schools_bookmarked.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Valerie Barr and Chris Stephenson. 2011. Bringing Computational Thinking to K-12: What is Involved and What is the Role of the Computer Science Education Community? ACM Inroads , Vol. 2, 1 (Feb. 2011), 48--54. https://doi.org/10.1145/1929887.1929905Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Mordechai Ben-Ari. 1998. Constructivism in Computer Science Education. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) (SIGCSE '98). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 257--261. https://doi.org/10.1145/273133.274308Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. John Biggs. 1999. Teaching for Quality Learning at University -- What the Student Does .SRHE / Open University Press, Buckingham.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Benjamin Samuel Bloom. 1956. Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals .Longman, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Pierre Bourdieu. 1988. Homo academicus .Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1977. Reproduction in education, society and culture. Translation by Richard Nice.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley, and IEEE Computer Society. 2014. Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0 3rd ed.). IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. David Bowers, Marian Petre, and Oli Howson. 2019. Aligning Competence Hierarchies with Bloom's Taxonomies: Changing the focus for computing education. In Proceedings of the 19th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research. ACM, Koli, Finland, 1--2.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. David S. Bowers. 2020. IoC -- Mapping portfolio evidence to SFIA skills. Technical Report. The Institute of Coding. https://institute-of-coding.github.io/accreditation-standard/pubs/IoC-AP-12--2-V2.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. David S. Bowers. 2021 a. An IoC approach to assessing the demonstration of SFIA Generic Responsibility Characteristics. Technical Report. The Institute of Coding. https://institute-of-coding.github.io/accreditation-standard/pubs/IoC-RC.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. David S. Bowers. 2021 b. IoC -- Portfolio mapping - a worked example. Technical Report. The Institute of Coding. https://institute-of-coding.github.io/accreditation-standard/pubs/IoC-PM-1-0.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. David S. Bowers and Christopher Sharp. 2021. Institute of Coding: Accreditation Standard. https://institute-of-coding.github.io/accreditation-standard/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Cambridge Dictionary. 2021. Competency . https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/competency .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. Cambridge English Dictionary. 2021. Assessment -- meaning. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/assessment .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. Riina Carretero, Stephanie andVuorikari and Yves Punie. 2017. DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with Eight Proficiency Levels and Examples of Use . Technical Report JRC Working Papers JRC106281. Joint Research Centre (Seville site). https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/digcomp/digital-competence-frameworkGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  31. Nancy L. Chick, Aeron Haynie, and Regan A.R. Gurung. 2009. From generic to signature pedagogies: teaching disciplinary understandings. In Exploring signature pedagogies: Approaches to teaching disciplinary habits of mind , , Regan A.R. Gurung, Nancy L. Chick, and Aeron Haynie (Eds.). Stylus Publishing, Sterling, AVA, 1--16.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. Diane Christie. 2009. Signature Pedagogies and SoTL Practices in Computer Science. In Exploring signature pedagogies: Approaches to teaching disciplinary habits of mind , , Regan A.R. Gurung, Nancy L. Chick, and Aeron Haynie (Eds.). Stylus Publishing, Sterling, AVA, 244--259.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Alison Clear, Tony Clear, John Impagliazzo, and Pearl Wang. 2020 a. From Knowledge-based to Competency-based Computing Education: Future Directions. In 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, New York, 1--7. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9274288Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. Alison Clear, Tony Clear, Abhijat Vichare, Thea Charles, Stephen Frezza, Mirela Gutica, Barry Lunt, Francesco Maiorana, Arnold Pears, Francois Pitt, Charles Riedesel, and Justyna Szynkiewicz. 2020 b. Designing Computer Science Competency Statements: A Process and Curriculum Model for the 21st Century. In Proceedings of the Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (Trondheim, Norway) (ITiCSE-WGR '20). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 211--246. https://doi.org/10.1145/3437800.3439208Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Alison Clear, Allen Parrish, John Impagliazzo, Pearl Wang, Paolo Ciancarini, Ernesto Cuadros-Vargas, Stephen Frezza, Judith Gal-Ezer, Arnold Pears, Shingo Takada, Heikki Topi, Gerrit van der Veer, Abhijat Vichare, Les Waguespack, and Ming Zhang. 2020 c. Computing Curricula 2020 (CC2020): Paradigms for Future Computing Curricula . Technical Report. Association for Computing Machinery / IEEE Computer Society , New York, NY, USA. https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/curricula-recommendations/cc2020.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  36. Tony Clear. 2021. THINKING ISSUES: Is Agility a Disposition and Can It Be Taught? ACM Inroads , Vol. 12, 1 (Feb. 2021), 13--14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3447870Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. National Research Council. 2012. Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century .The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/13398Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation. 2021. 2022 CAEP Standards. http://www.caepnet.org/standards/2022/introduction .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  39. Glynis Cousin. 2006. An introduction to threshold concepts. Planet , Vol. 17, 1 (2006), 4--5. https://doi.org/10.11120/plan.2006.00170004 https://doi.org/10.11120/plan.2006.00170004 .Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  40. Andrea Danyluk and Paul Leidig. 2021. Computing Competencies for Undergraduate Data Science Curricula . Technical Report. ACM , New York, NY, USA. https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/curricula-recommendations/dstf_ccdsc2021.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  41. W. Robert Dawson. 1998. Extensions to Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives / by W. Robert Dawson .Putney Publishing, Sydney. v, 50 p. ; pages.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. J Declan Delaney, George Mitchell, and Sean Delaney. 2003. Software engineering meets problem-based learning. The Engineers Journal , Vol. 57, 6 (2003), bibinfonumpages4 pages.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. John Dewey. 1922. Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology .Henry Holt and Company, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Peter Dolog, Lone Leth Thomsen, and Bent Thomsen. 2016. Assessing problem-based learning in a software engineering curriculum using Bloom's taxonomy and the IEEE software engineering body of knowledge. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) , Vol. 16, 3 (2016), 1--41.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  45. Carol S. Dweck. 2006. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success .Random House, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  46. Anders Ericsson and Robert Pool. 2016. Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, MA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. K. Anders Ericsson and Kyle W. Harwell. 2019. Deliberate Practice and Proposed Limits on the Effects of Practice on the Acquisition of Expert Performance: Why the Original Definition Matters and Recommendations for Future Research. Frontiers in Psychology , Vol. 10 (2019), 2396. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02396Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  48. Dent M. Rhodes Eunjoo Jung. 2008. Revisiting Assessment in Teacher Education: Broadening the Focus. Assessment and Evlaution in Higher Education , Vol. 33, 6 (December 2008), 647--660. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701773059Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  49. Timothy L. J. Ferris. 2010. Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: A Psychomotor Skills Extension for Engineering and Science Education. Int. J. Engineering Education , Vol. 26 (2010), 699--707. Issue 3.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  50. L. Dee Fink. 2003. Taxonomy of significant learning .Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. 27--59 pages.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  51. L. Dee Fink. 2013. Creating significant learning experiences: An integrated approach to designing college courses .John Wiley & Sons, San Francisco, CA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  52. European Quality Assurance Network for Informatics Education. 2017. EURO-INF Framework Stands and Accreditation Criteria for Informatics Degree Programmes . Technical Report. European Quality Assurance Network for Informatics Education (EQANIE). https://eqanie.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Euro-Inf_Framework_Standards_and_Accreditation_Criteria_V_2017--10--23.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  53. Stephen Frezza, Mats Daniels, Arnold Pears, rAsa Cajander, Viggo Kann, Amanpreet Kapoor, Roger McDermott, Anne-Kathrin Peters, Mihaela Sabin, and Charles Wallace. 2018. Modelling Competencies for Computing Education beyond 2020: A Research Based Approach to Defining Competencies in the Computing Disciplines. In Proceedings Companion of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (Larnaca, Cyprus) (ITiCSE 2018 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 148--174. https://doi.org/10.1145/3293881.3295782Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  54. Howard Gardner. 1991. The Unschooled Mind: How children think and how schools should teach. Basic Books, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  55. Howard Gardner. 1993. Educating for Understanding. American School Board Journal , Vol. 180, 7 (1993), 20--24.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  56. Alli Gerkman and Logan Cornett. 2016. Foundations for Practice: The Whole Lawyer and the Character quotient. http://iaals.du.edu/ sites/default/files/reports/foundations_for_practice_whole_lawyer_character_quotient.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  57. Lewis R. Goldberg. 1992. The Development of Markers for the Big-Five Factor Structure . Psychological Assessment , Vol. 4 (March 1992), 26--42. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040--3590.4.1.26Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  58. Eiji Hayashiguchi, Osamu Endou, and John Impagliazzo. 2018. The "i Competency Dictionary" Framework for IT Engineering Education. In 2018 IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE). IEEE, New York, 1--6.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  59. Hecterra Publishing Inc. 2021. Cooperative Education in Canadian Universities . http://www.canadian-universities.net/Campus/Cooperative-Education.html .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  60. Thomas Hilburn, MArk Ardis, Glenn Johnson, Andrew Komecki, and Nancy R. Mead. 2013. Software Assurance Competency Mode . Technical Report Technical note Carnegie Mellon University/SEI-2013-TN-004. Software Engineering Institute. https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalNote/2013_004_001_47965.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  61. Matthew T. Hora. 2020. Hiring as cultural gatekeeping into occupational communities: implications for higher education and student employability. Higher Education , Vol. 79 (2020), 307--324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00411--6Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  62. Woei Hung, David H Jonassen, Rude Liu, et almbox. 2008. Problem-based learning. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology , Vol. 3, 1 (2008), 485--506.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  63. IEEE Computer Society. 2014. Software Engineering Competency Model, Version 1.0. Technical Report. IEEE, New York, NY, USA. IShttps://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-op-0328-minoritized-word-20190320-story.htmlBN-13: 978-0--7695--5373--3.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  64. John Impagliazzo, Eric Durant, Susan Conry, Herman Lam, Joseph L.A. Hughes, Robert Reese, Weidong Liu, Lorraine Wagner, Lu Junlin, Andrew mcGettrick, and Victor Nelson. 2016. Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025098Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  65. Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System. 2021. Educating Tomorrow's Lawyers. https://iaals.du.edu/about-educating-tomorrows-lawyers .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  66. International Organization for Standardization. 2019. Software and systems engineering - Certification of software and systems engineering professionals - Part 1: General requirements .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  67. IT Professionalism Europe (ITPE). 2021. The e-Competence Framework. https://www.ecompetences.eu/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  68. Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education. 2019. JABEE Common Criteria for Accreditation of Professional Education Programs. https://jabee.org/doc/Common_Criteria2019.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  69. Japanese IT Promotion Agency. 2017. SFIA vs iCD Mapping Research Project Phase1: Compare the Underlying Principles and Generics . https://sfia-online.org/en/assets/documents/japan-ipa/jipa-sfia-icd-document.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  70. Declan Kennedy, Áine Hyland, and Norma Ryan. 2007. Writing and using learning outcomes: a practical guide .University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  71. Robin Klein, Nneka N. Ufere, Sowmya R. Rao, Jennifer Koch, Anna Volerman, Erin D. Snyder, Sarah Schaeffer, Vanessa Thompson, Ana SofiaWarner, Katherine A. Julian, and Kerri Palamara. 2020. Association of Gender With Learner Assessment in Graduate Medical Education. JAMA Network Open , Vol. 3, 7 (2020), bibinfonumpages13 pages. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2768342Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  72. David R. Krathwohl, Benjamin S. Bloom, and Bertram B. Masia. 1964. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. David McKay Company, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  73. Paul Leidig, Hannu DSalmel, Greg Anderson, Jeffry Babb, Carina de Villiers, Lesley Gardner, Jay F. Nunamaker Jr, Brenda Scholtz, Venky Shahkararaman, Raja Sooriamurthi, and Mark thouin. 2020. CIS2020. A competency Model for undergraduate Programs in Information Systems . Technical Report. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://is2020.hosting2.acm.org/2021/06/01/is2020-final-draft-released/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  74. Rose M Marra and David Jonassen. 1993. Whither Constructivism. In Educational Media and Technology Yearbook, D. Ely and B. Minor (Eds.). Libraries Unlimited, Inc., Englewood, CO, 56--77.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  75. Richard Mayer and Patricia A (Eds.) Alexander. 2011. Handbook of research on learning and instruction .Routledge, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  76. Richard E. Mayer. 2009. Multimedia learning 2nd ed. ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  77. Robert R McCrae and Paul T. Costa. 1987. Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of personality and social psychology , Vol. 52 (1987), 81--90. Issue 1.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  78. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2021 a. Competency . https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/competency .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  79. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2021 b. Disposition . https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disposition .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  80. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2021 c. Knowledge . https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/knowledge .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  81. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2021 d. Skill . https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/skill .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  82. George E. Miller. 1990. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Acad. Medicine , Vol. 69 (1990), S63--S67. Issue 9 Suppl.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  83. Anna S. Mueller, Tania M. Jenkins, Melissa Osborne, Arjun Dayal, Daniel M. O'Connor, and Vineet M. Arora. 2017. Gender Differences in Attending Physicians' Feedback to Residents: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Graduate Medical Education , Vol. 9, 5 (2017), 577--585. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-17-00126.1Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  84. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Supporting Students' College Success; Assessment of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies .The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  85. National Board of Accreditation. 2019. Manual for Accreditation of Undergraduate Engineering Programs. https://www.nbaind.org/files/NBA_UGEngg_Tier_I_Manual.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  86. National Research Council. 2000. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition .National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/9853Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  87. National Research Council. 2001. Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment .The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/10019Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  88. Omar Alam Nikolas Gordon. 2021. The Role of Race and Gender in Teaching Evaluation of Computer Science Professors: A Large Scale Analysis on RatemyProfessor Data. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2021) . ACM, New York, 980--986.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  89. Linda Burzott Nilson and Claudia J. Stanny. 2015. . Stylus Publishing, Sterling, VA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  90. John J Norcini. 2003. Work based assessment. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) , Vol. 326 (2003), 753--755. Issue 7392.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  91. Joint Task Force on Cybersecurity Education. 2018. Cybersecurity Curricula 2017: Curriculum Guidelines for Post-Secondary Degree Programs in Cybersecurity . Technical Report. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3184594Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  92. Seymour Papert and Idit Harel. 1991. Constructionism .Ablex Publishing Corporation, Norwood, NJ.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  93. David N. Perkins. 1993. Teaching for understanding. American Educator: The Professional Journal of the American Federation of Teacher , Vol. 17, 3 (1993), 28--35.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  94. David N. Perkins, Eileen Jay, and Shari Tishman. 1993 a. Beyond Abilities: A Dispositional Theory of Thinking. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , Vol. 39, 1 (January 1993), 1--21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23087298Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  95. David N. Perkins, Eileen Jay, and Shari Tishman. 1993 b. Beyond Abilities: A Dispositional Theory of Thinking. Beyond Abilities: A Dispositional Theory of Thinking , Vol. 39, 1 (January 1993), 1--21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23087298Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  96. Paul R. Pintrich. 1994. Continuities and discontinuities: Future directions for research in educational psychology. Educational Psychologist , Vol. 29, 3 (1994), 137--148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2903_3Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  97. Jan L. Plass, Roxana Moreno, and Roland Brünken (Eds.). 2010. Cognitive load theory .University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  98. PMI. 2017. PMBOK Guide 6th Edition .Project Management Institute, Philadelphia.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  99. Michael Polanyi. 1966. The Tacit Dimension .University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  100. Adalbert Gerald Soosai Raj, Jignesh M. Patel, Richard Halverson, and Erica Rosenfeld Halverson. 2018. Role of Live-Coding in Learning Introductory Programming. In Proceedings of the 18th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli, Finland) (Koli Calling '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 13, bibinfonumpages8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3279720.3279725Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  101. Subha Ramani and Sam Leinster. 2008. AMEE Guide no. 34: teaching in the clinical environment. Medical Teacher , Vol. 30, 4 (2008), 347--364. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590802061613 .Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  102. Wendy Robinson. 2006. Teacher training in England and Wales: Past, present and future perspectives. Education Research and Perspectives , Vol. 33, 2 (2006), 19--36.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  103. Mihaela Sabin, Hala Alrumaih, John Impagliazzo, Barry Lunt, Ming Zhang, Brenda Byers, William Newhouse, Bill Paterson, Svetlana Peltsverger, Cara Tang, Gerrit van der Veer, and Barbara Viola. 2017. Information Technology Curricula 2017 (IT2017). Technical Report. ACM/IEEE Computer Society, New York, NY, USA. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3173161 .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  104. Henk G. Schmidt, Jerome I. Rotgans, and Elaine H. J. Yew. 2011. The process of problem-based learning: what works and why. Medical education , Vol. 45, 8 (2011), 792--806.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  105. Deborah Lynn Schussler. 2006. Defining dispositions: Wading through murky waters. The Teacher Educator , Vol. 41, 4 (2006), --.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  106. Amy Shannon and Valerie Summet. 2015. Live Coding in Introductory Computer Science Courses. J. Comput. Sci. Coll. , Vol. 31, 2 (Dec. 2015), 158--164.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  107. Lee S. Shulman. 2005. Signature Pedagogies in the Professions. Daedalus , Vol. 134, 3 (2005), 52--59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20027998Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  108. Elizabeth J Simpson. 1966. The classification of educational objectives, psychomotor domain. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED010368.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  109. Stephen R Smith and Barbara K Fuller. 1996. MD2000: a competency-based curriculum for the Brown University School of Medicine. Med Health RI , Vol. 79 (1996), 292--298.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  110. ACM/IEEE Computer Society. 2013. Computer Science Curricula 2013: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Science .ACM, New York, NY, USA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  111. IEEE Computer Society. 2014. Software Engineering Competency Model. Version 1.0, SWECOM . Technical Report. IEEE Computer Society. http://dahlan.unimal.ac.id/files/ebooks/SWECOM.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  112. Sophie M. Sparrow. 2018. Teaching and Assessing Soft Skills. Journal of Legal Education , Vol. 67, 2 (2018), 553--575.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  113. Rachel Swain. 2020. Routes into teaching. Prospects. https://www.prospects.ac.uk/jobs-and-work-experience/job-sectors/teacher-training-and-education/routes-into-teaching .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  114. John Sweller. 1999. Instructional design in technical areas .ACER Press, Melbourne.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  115. The IPthree partnership. 2021. Professional IT standards. https://www.ipthree.org/gain-ip3-accreditation/ip3-accreditation-program/it-professional-standards/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  116. The SFIA Foundation. 2020. Assessor's Guidelines. https://sfia-online.org/en/tools-and-resources/using-sfia/sfia-assessment/sfia-assessors-guidelines .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  117. The SFIA Foundation. 2021 a. SFIA - Skills Framework for the Information Age. https://sfia-online.org/en/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  118. The SFIA Foundation. 2021 b. SFIA 8 Levels of Responsibility. https://sfia-online.org/en/sfia-8/responsibilities .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  119. The SFIA Foundation. 2021 c. SFIA 8 Skills. https://sfia-online.org/en/sfia-8/all-skills-a-z .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  120. The SFIA Foundation. 2021 d. SFIA Views. https://sfia-online.org/en/sfia-8/sfia-views .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  121. The Skills Development Scotland Company Limited. 2021. Apprenticeships.Scot . https://www.apprenticeships.scot .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  122. Heikki Topi, Helena Karsten, Sue A. Brown, Jo ao Alvaro Carvalho, Brian Donnellan, Jun Shen, Bernard C. Y. Tan, and Mark F. Thouin. 2017. MSIS 2016: Global Competency Model for Graduate Degree Programs in Information Systems . Technical Report. ACM, New York, NY, USA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  123. UK Department of Education. 2013. Teachers' Standards . https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/665520/Teachers__Standards.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  124. UK Department of Education. 2014. Teachers' Standards: How should they be used? https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/283567/Teachers_standards_how_should_they_be_used.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  125. UK Department of Education. 2021. Induction for newly qualified teachers (NQTs). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/induction-for-newly-qualified-teachers-nqts .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  126. UK Engineering Council. 2020 a. The Accreditation of Higher Education Programmes(AHEP). https://www.engc.org.uk/media/3464/ahep-fourth-edition.pdf .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  127. UK Engineering Council. 2020 b. UK Standard For Professional Engineering Competence, 3rd Edition. https://www.engc.org.uk/standards-guidance/standards/uk-spec/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  128. University of Cincinnati. 2018a. Common Direct and Indirect Assessment Measures. https://www.uc.edu/assessment/toolkit/measurement/measures.html .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  129. University of Cincinnati. 2018b. Rubrics. https://www.uc.edu/assessment/toolkit/measurement/rubrics.html .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  130. Antonio Valle, Ramón G Cabanach, José C Nú nez, Julio González-Pienda, Susana Rodr'iguez, and Isabel Pineiro. 2003. Cognitive, motivational, and volitional dimensions of learning: An empirical test of a hypothetical model. Research in higher education , Vol. 44, 5 (2003), 557--580.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  131. Klink M. van der, J. Boon, and K. Schlusmans. 2007. Competences and vocational higher education: Now and in future. European Journal of Vocational Training , Vol. 40, 1 (2007), 67--82.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  132. Vocabulary. 2021. Competency . https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/competency .Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  133. Watermark. 2021. Educational Disposition Assessment . Watermark. https://www.watermarkinsights.com/educator-disposition-assessment/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  134. Franz E. Weinert. 1999. Concepts of Competence. Contribution within the OECD Project.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  135. Grant Wiggins. 1998. Educative Assessment: Designing Assessments to Inform and Improve Student Performance .Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  136. Grant P Wiggins and Jay McTighe. 2005. Understanding by Design .Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, VA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  137. Laurie Williams. 2001. Integrating pair programming into a software development process. In Proceedings 14th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training. 'In search of a software engineering profession' (Cat. No.PR01059) . IEEE, New York, 27--36. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSEE.2001.913816Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  138. Timothy D. Wilson and Patricia W. Linville. 1985. Improving the performance of college freshmen with attributional techniques. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , Vol. 49 (1985), 287--293.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  139. Margaret Woo and Jeremy Paul. 2018. From the Editors. Journal of Legal Education , Vol. 67, 2 (2018), 373--375.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  140. Diana Wood. 2003. ABC of learning and teaching in medicine. British Medical Journal , Vol. 326, 7384 (2003), 328--330.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  141. David S. Yeager and Gregory M. Walton. 2011. Social-psychological interventions in education: They're not magic. Review of Educational Research , Vol. 81 (2011), 267--301.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Professional Competencies in Computing Education: Pedagogies and Assessment

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Conferences
      ITiCSE-WGR '21: Proceedings of the 2021 Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education
      December 2021
      188 pages
      ISBN:9781450392020
      DOI:10.1145/3502870

      Copyright © 2021 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 30 December 2021

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate552of1,613submissions,34%

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader