article
Free Access

Algebraic simplification: a guide for the perplexed

Published:01 August 1971Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Algebraic simplification is examined first from the point of view of a user who needs to comprehend a large expression, and second from the point of view of a designer who wants to construct a useful and efficient system. First we describe various techniques akin to substitution. These techniques can be used to decrease the size of an expression and make it more intelligible to a user. Then we delineate the spectrum of approaches to the design of automatic simplification capabilities in an algebraic manipulation system. Systems are divided into five types. Each type provides different facilities for the manipulation and simplification of expressions. Finally we discuss some of the theoretical results related to algebraic simplification. We describe several positive results about the existence of powerful simplification algorithms and the number-theoretic conjectures on which they rely. Results about the nonexistence of algorithms for certain classes of expressions are included.

References

  1. 1 Abrahams, P.W. Application of LISP to sequence prediction. Comm. ACMg, 8 (Aug. 1966), 551.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. 2 Brown, W.S., et al. The ALPAK system for non-numerical algebra on a Digital Computer-II. Bell Sys. Tech. J. 43, 2 (Mar. 1964), 785-804.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. 3 Brown, W.S. Rational exponential expressions and a conjecture concerning rr and e. Amer. Math. Monthly 76 (Jan. 1969), 28-34.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. 4 Caviness, B.F. On canonical forms and simplification. Ph.D. diss., Carnegie-Mellon U., Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 1967.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. 5 Caviness, B.F. On canonical forms and simplification. J. ACM 17, 2 (Apr. 1970), 385-396. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. 6 Collins, G. PM, A system for polynomial manipulation. Comm. ACM 9, 8 (Aug. 1966), 578-589. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. 7 Collins, G. The SAC-I system: An introduction and survey. SYMSAM II, pp. 144-152. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. 8 Collins, G. Subresultant and reduced polynomial remainder sequences. J. ACM 14, 1 (Jan. 1967), 128-142. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. 9 Engelman, C. The legacy of MATHLAB 68. SYMSAM II, pp. 29-41. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. 10 Engeli, M. User's manual for the formula manipulation language SYMBAL. Computer Center, U. of Texas at Austin, 1968.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. 11 Fateman, R. The user-level semantic matching capability in MACSYMA. Proc. 2nd. Symp. on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation, ACM Headquarters, New York, pp. 311-323. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. 12 Fateman, R. Essays in algebraic simplification. Ph.D. diss., Harvard U., Cambridge, Mass., 1971.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. 13 Fenichel, R. An on-line system for algebraic manipulation. Ph.D. diss., Harvard U., Cambridge, Mass., 1966.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. 14 Griesmer, J.H., and Jenks, R.D. SCRATCHPAD/I : An interactive facility for symbolic mathematics. SYMSAM II, pp. 42-48. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. 15 Hall, A.D. The ALTRAN system for rational function manipulation--A survey. Comm. ACM 14, 8 (Aug. 1971), 517-521. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. 16 Hearn, A. REDUCE: A user-oriented interactive system for algebraic simplification. In b~teractive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics. Academic Press, New York, 1968, pp. 79-90.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. 17 Hearn, A. The Problem of Substitution. Proc. 1968 Summer Inst. on Symbolic Math. Comput. IBM, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 3-19.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. 18 Hearn, A. REDUCE 2: A system and language for algebraic manipulation. Proc. 2nd Symp. on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation, ACM Headquarters, New York, pp. 123-135. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. 19 Korsvold, K. An on-line algebraic simplification program. Artif. Intell. Proj. Memo. no. 37, Stanford U., Stanford, Cal., Nov. 1965.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. 20 Martin, W., and Fateman, R. The MACSYMA system. SYMSAM II, pp. 59-75. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. 21 Matijasevic, J.V. Enumerable sets are diophantine. Soviet Math. Dokl., 11, 1970.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. 22 Minsky, M., and Papert, S. Perceptrons. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1969.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. 23 Moses, J. Symbolic integration. Report MAc-TR-47, Project MAC, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., Dec. 1967. (Available as AD 662-666, Clearinghouse, Springheld, Va. 22151.)Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. 24 Moses, J. A canonical form for first order exponential expressions. In preparation.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. 25 Moses, J., Rothschild, L.P., and Schroeppel, R. A zero-equivalence algorithm for expressions formed by functions definable by first order differential equations. In preparation.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. 26 Oldehoeft, A. Analysis of constructed mathematical responses by numeric tests for equivalence. Proc. ACM 24th Nat. Conf., 1969, ACM, New York, pp. 117-124. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. 27 Perils, A., et al. A definition of Formula Algol. Comput. Center, Carnegie-Mellon U., Pittsburgh, Pa., Mar. 1966.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. 28 Richardson, D. Some unsolvable problems involving functions of a real variable. Ph.D. diss., U. of Bristol, England, 1966.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. 29 Richardson, D. Some unsolvable problems involving elementary functions of a real variable. J. Symb. Logic 33 (1968), 511-520.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. 30 Richardson, D. A solution of the identity problem for integral exponential functions. Z. Math Logik u. Grundlagen Math, to appear.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  31. 31 Simon, H. The Science of the Artificial. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1969. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. 32 Tobey, R. Experience with FORMAC algorithm design. Comm. ACMg, 8 (Aug. 1966), 589-597. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. 33 Tobey, R., et al. Automatic simplification in FORMAC. Proc. A9IPS 1965 FJCC, Vol. 27, Pt. 1, Spartan Books, New York, pp. 37-57.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Recommendations

Comments

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Sign in

Full Access

PDF Format

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader
About Cookies On This Site

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

Learn more

Got it!