skip to main content
article
Free access

Calendar queues: a fast 0(1) priority queue implementation for the simulation event set problem

Published: 01 October 1988 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    A new priority queue implementation for the future event set problem is described in this article. The new implementation is shown experimentally to be O(1) in queue size for the priority increment distributions recently considered by Jones in his review article. It displays hold times three times shorter than splay trees for a queue size of 10,000 events. The new implementation, called a calendar queue, is a very simple structure of the multiple list variety using a novel solution to the overflow problem.

    References

    [1]
    Blackstone, J.H., Hogg, G.L., and Phillips, D.T. A two-list synchronization procedure for discrete event simulation. Commun. ACM 24, 12 (Dec. 1981), 825-829.
    [2]
    Brown, M.R. Implementation and analysis of binomial queue algorithms. SIAM }. Comput. 7, 3 (Aug. 1978), 298-319.
    [3]
    Davey, D., and Vaucher, J. Self-optimizing partitioned sequencing sets for discrete event simulation. Infor 18, I (Feb. 1980), 41-61.
    [4]
    Francon, J., Viennot, G., and Vuillemin, J. Description and analysis of an efficient priority queue representation. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (Ann Arbor, Mich., Oct. 16-18}. IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., 1978, pp. 1-7.
    [5]
    Franta, W.R., and Maly, K. An efficient data structure for the simulation event set. Commun. ACM 20, 8 {Aug. 1977), 596-602.
    [6]
    Franta, W.R., and Maly, K. A comparison of heaps and the TL structure for the simulation event set. Commun. ACM 21, 10 (Oct. 1978}, 873-875.
    [7]
    Fredman, M.L., Sedgewick, R., Sleator, D., and Tarjan, R. The pairing heap: A new form of self-adjusting heap. Submitted for publication.
    [8]
    Henriksen, J.O. An improved events list algorithm. In Proceedings of the 1977 Winter Simulation Conference (Gaithersburg, Md., Dec. 5-7). IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., 1977, pp. 547-557.
    [9]
    Jones, D.W. An empirical comparison of priority-queue and eventset implementations. Commun. ACM 29, 4 (Apr. 1986), 300-311.
    [10]
    Kingston, J. H. Analysis of algorithms for the simulation event list. Ph.D. thesis, Basser Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Sydney, Australia, July 1984.
    [11]
    McCormack, W.M., and Sargent, R.G. Analysis of future event-set algorithms for discrete event simulation. Commun. ACM 24, 12 (Dec. 1981), 801-812.
    [12]
    Nix, R. An evaluation of pagodas. Res. Rep. 164, Dept. of Computer Science, Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn., no date.
    [13]
    Sleator, D.D., and Tarjan, R.E. Self-adjusting binary trees. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing (Boston, Mass., Apr. 25-27). ACM, New York, 1983, pp. 235-245.
    [14]
    Sleator, D.D., and Tarjan, R,E. Self adjusting heaps. SIAM J. Comput. To be published.
    [15]
    Tarjan, R.E., and Sleator, D.D. Self-adjusting binary search trees. J. ACM 32, 3 (}uly 1985)~ 652-686.
    [16]
    Ulrich, E.G. Event manipulation for discrete simulations requiring large numbers of events. Commun. ACM 21, 9 (Sept. 1978), 777-785.
    [17]
    Vuillemin, J. A data structure for manipulating priority queues. Commun. ACM 21, 4 (Apr. 1978), 309-315.

    Cited By

    View all

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image Communications of the ACM
    Communications of the ACM  Volume 31, Issue 10
    Oct. 1988
    66 pages
    ISSN:0001-0782
    EISSN:1557-7317
    DOI:10.1145/63039
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 October 1988
    Published in CACM Volume 31, Issue 10

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)414
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)28

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)A Conflict-Resilient Lock-Free Linearizable Calendar QueueACM Transactions on Parallel Computing10.1145/363516311:1(1-32)Online publication date: 11-Mar-2024
    • (2024)CIPO: Efficient, lightweight and programmable packet schedulingComputer Networks10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110355245(110355)Online publication date: May-2024
    • (2024)Inversion impact of approximate PIFO to Start-Time Fair QueueingComputer Networks10.1016/j.comnet.2023.110164240(110164)Online publication date: Feb-2024
    • (2023)A Fast Alpha-tree Algorithm for Extreme Dynamic Range Pixel DissimilaritiesIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence10.1109/TPAMI.2023.3341721(1-14)Online publication date: 2023
    • (2022)Advanced TutorialProceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference10.5555/3586210.3586232(268-282)Online publication date: 11-Dec-2022
    • (2022)Comparing Different Event Set Management Strategies in Speculative PDESProceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation10.1145/3518997.3534993(55-56)Online publication date: 8-Jun-2022
    • (2022)Best Approximate Quantum Compiling ProblemsACM Transactions on Quantum Computing10.1145/35051813:2(1-29)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2022
    • (2022)A Scalable Quantum Key Distribution Network Testbed Using Parallel Discrete-Event SimulationACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation10.1145/349002932:2(1-22)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2022
    • (2022)Efficient Protocol Testing Under Temporal Uncertain Event Using Discrete-event Network SimulationsACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation10.1145/349002832:2(1-30)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2022
    • (2022)Mechanisms for Precise Virtual Time Advancement in Network EmulationACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation10.1145/347886732:2(1-26)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2022
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media