Jonathan Bishop
Abstract
Online communities are becoming an accepted part of the lives of Internet users, although participation in these communities is dependent on the types of people that form them. Some of the online community's members do not participate, people referred to as lurkers, whereas others who have been in the community for a long time, referred to as elders, participate regularly and support others. Understanding what drives these individuals and how they chose whether or not to participate will lead to online communities that thrive. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to describe what drives such individuals to carry out actions such as posting messages and adding content (level 1), the cognitions they use to determine whether or not to take such actions (level 2) and the means by which they go about carrying out the action in the environment (level 3). Finally, the framework is applied to the problem of encouraging members to participate by discussing the methods by which people can be persuaded to participate by changing the way they interpret their desires and their environment.
References
- Baron-Cohen et al., 2003. The systemising quotient (SQ): an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism and normal sex differences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. v358 i2003. 361-374.Google Scholar
- Bishop, 2002. Bishop, J. (2002). Development and evaluation of a virtual community. Unpublished dissertation. Available from http://www.jonathanbishop.com/publications/display.aspx?Item=1.Google Scholar
- Bishop, 2003a. Factors shaping the form of and participation in online communities. Digital Matrix Magazine. iJuly. 2003Google Scholar
- Bishop, 2003b. The Internet for educating individuals with social impairments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. v19 i2003. 546-556.Google Scholar
- Bishop, 2004. Bishop, J. (2004). The potential of persuasive technology in educating heterogeneous user groups. Unpublished thesis. Available from http://www.jonathanbishop.com/publications/display.aspx?Item=14.Google Scholar
- Bishop, 2005. The role of mediating artefacts in the design of persuasive e-learning systems. In: Proceedings of the internet technology & applications 2005 conference, North East Wales Institute of Higher Education, Wrexham.Google Scholar
- Chambliss and Garner, 1996. Do adults change their minds after reading persuasive text?. Written Communication. v13. 291-313.Google Scholar
- Csikszentmihalyi, 1990. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row, New York.Google Scholar
- De Souza and Preece, 2004. A framework for analyzing and understanding online communities. Interacting with Computers. v16 i2004. 579-610.Google Scholar
- Figallo, 1998. Hosting web communities: Building relationships, increasing customer loyalty and maintaining a competitive edge. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
Google Scholar - Frederikse et al., 1999. Sex differences in the inferior parietal lobule. Cerebral Cortex. v9 i8. 896-901.Google Scholar
- Frith, 1991. Asperger and his syndrome. In: Frith, U. (Ed.), Autism and asperger syndrome, Cambridge University Press, London. pp. 3-24.Google Scholar
- Gallese and Goldman, 1998. Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. v2 i12. 493-501.Google Scholar
- Grézes and Decety, 2002. Does visual perception of object afford action. Evidence from a neuroimaging study. Neuropsychologia. v40 i2002. 212-222.Google Scholar
- Griffiths, 2005. Griffiths, D. (2005). Treating China's online addicts. Unpublished article. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4327258.stm.Google Scholar
- Grosso, 2001. Grosso, M. D. (2001). Design and implementation of online communities. Unpublished thesis. Available from http://www.movesinstitute.org/darken/alumni/DelGrosso/delgrosso.pdf.Google Scholar
- Hovland et al., 1954. Communication and persuasion: Psychological studies of opinion change. Yale University Press, London.Google Scholar
- Kenny, 1963. Action, emotion and will. Routledge & Keegan Paul, London.Google Scholar
- Kiesler and Sproull, 1992. Group decision making and communication technology. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. v52. 96-123.Google Scholar
- Kim, 2000. Community building on the web: secret strategies for successful online communities. Peachpit Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
- Mantovani, 1996a. New communication environments: From everyday to virtual. Taylor & Frances Ltd, London.
Google Scholar - Mantovani, 1996b. Social context in hci: A new framework for mental models, cooperation, and communication. Cognitive Science. v20 i1996. 237-269.Google Scholar
- March, 1991. How decisions happen in organizations. Human-Computer Interaction. v6 i2. 95-117.
Google Scholar - Maslow, 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review. v50. 370-396.Google Scholar
- Mook, 1987. Motivation: The organization of action. W.W. Norton & Company Ltd, London.Google Scholar
- Murphy et al., 2003. Persuasion online or on paper: a new take on an old issue. Learning and Instruction. v13 i2003. 511-532.Google Scholar
- Nielsen and Norman, 2003. Nielsen, J., Norman, D. (2003). Making web advertisements work. Unpublished article. Available from http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030505.html.Google Scholar
- Nonnecke and Preece, 2000. Lurker demographics: counting the silent. CHI 2000. v2 i1. 73-80.
Google Scholar - Novak and Hoffman, 1998. Measuring the flow construct in online environments: a structural modeling approach. Vanderbilt University. L.L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory.Google Scholar
- O'Keefe, 1990. Persuasion: theory and research. Sage Publications, London.Google Scholar
- Orengo Castellá et al., 2000. The influence of familiarity among group members, group atmosphere and assertiveness on uninhibited behavior through three different communication media. Computers in Human Behavior. v16 i2000. 141-159.Google Scholar
- Preece, 2000. Online communities: designing usability, supporting sociability. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
Google Scholar - Preece et al., 2004. The top five reasons for lurking: improving community experiences for everyone. Computers in Human Behavior. v20 i2004. 201-223.Google Scholar
- Reiss, 2004. Multifaceted nature of intrinsic motivation: the theory of 16 basic desires. Review of General Psychology. v8 i3. 179-193.Google Scholar
- Rhiengold, 2000. The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. The MIT Press, London.
Google Scholar - Shneiderman, 2002. Leonardo's laptop: Human needs and the new computing technologies. The MIT Press, London.
Google Scholar - Skinner, 1938. The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.Google Scholar
- Smith, 2001. Problems of conflict management in virtual communities. In: Smith, M.A., Kollock, P. (Eds.), Communities in cyberspace, Routledge, London. pp. 134-163.Google Scholar
- Takahashi et al., 2002. The active lurker: a new viewpoint for evaluating the influence of an in-house. Online Community SIGGROUP Bulletin December 2002. v23 i3. 29-33.
Google Scholar - Wahba and Bridwell, 1976. Maslow reconsidered: a review of research on the need hierarchy theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. v15. 212-240.Google Scholar
- Wallace, 2001. The psychology of the internet. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Google Scholar - Winstein et al., 1997. Motor task difficulty and brain activity: investigation of goal-directed reciprocal aiming using positron emission tomography. Neurophysiology. v77. 1581-1594.Google Scholar
- Young, 2000. Poor richard's building online communities: Create a web community for your business, club, association or family. Top Floor Publishing.
Google Scholar
Index Terms
Increasing participation in online communities
Comments