research-article

Dark Patterns after the GDPR: Scraping Consent Pop-ups and Demonstrating their Influence

Authors:

Ilaria Liccardi,

Lalana KagalAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Pages 1 - 13

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376321

Published: 23 April 2020 Publication History

Abstract

New consent management platforms (CMPs) have been introduced to the web to conform with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, particularly its requirements for consent when companies collect and process users' personal data. This work analyses how the most prevalent CMP designs affect people's consent choices. We scraped the designs of the five most popular CMPs on the top 10,000 websites in the UK (n=680). We found that dark patterns and implied consent are ubiquitous; only 11.8% meet our minimal requirements based on European law. Second, we conducted a field experiment with 40 participants to investigate how the eight most common designs affect consent choices. We found that notification style (banner or barrier) has no effect; removing the opt-out button from the first page increases consent by 22-23 percentage points; and providing more granular controls on the first page decreases consent by 8-20 percentage points. This study provides an empirical basis for the necessary regulatory action to enforce the GDPR, in particular the possibility of focusing on the centralised, third-party CMP services as an effective way to increase compliance.

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Index Terms

Dark Patterns after the GDPR: Scraping Consent Pop-ups and Demonstrating their Influence

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cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 2020

10688 pages

ISBN:9781450367080

DOI:10.1145/3313831

General Chairs:
Regina Bernhaupt
Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
,
Florian 'Floyd' Mueller
Monash University, Australia
,
David Verweij
Newcastle University, UK
,
Josh Andres
RMIT, Australia
,
Program Chairs:
Joanna McGrenere
University of British Columbia, Canada
,
Andy Cockburn
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
,
Ignacio Avellino
University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA
,
Alix Goguey
Grenoble Alpes University, France
,
Pernille Bjørn
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
,
Shengdong (Shen) Zhao
National University of Singapore, Singapore
,
Briane Paul Samson
Future University Hakodate, Japan & De La Salle University, Philippines
,
Rafal Kocielnik
University of Washington, USA

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Published: 23 April 2020

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https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.234.0043
Adebayo Oyetunji S(2024)Investigating Data Protection Compliance ChallengesInternational Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24AUG1583(2131-2147)Online publication date: 11-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24AUG1583
Kutschera SSlany WRatschiller PGursch SDeininger PDagenborg H(2024)Incidental Data: A Survey towards Awareness on Privacy-Compromising Data Incidentally Shared on Social MediaJournal of Cybersecurity and Privacy10.3390/jcp40100064:1(105-125)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2024
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