Abstract
Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) is regarded as a promising technology for resolving the areal density limitation of conventional magnetic recording hard disk drives. Among different types of SMR drives, drive-managed SMR (DM-SMR) requires no changes on the host software and is widely used in today’s consumer market. DM-SMR employs a shingled translation layer (STL) to hide its inherent sequential-write constraint from the host software and emulate the SMR drive as a block device via maintaining logical to physical block address mapping entries. However, because most existing STL designs do not simultaneously consider the access pattern and the data update frequency of incoming workloads, those mapping entries maintained within the STL cannot be effectively managed, thus inducing unnecessary performance overhead. To resolve the inefficiency of existing STL designs, this article proposes a demand-based STL (DSTL) to simultaneously consider the access pattern and update frequency of incoming data streams to enhance the access performance of DM-SMR. The proposed design was evaluated by a series of experiments, and the results show that the proposed DSTL can outperform other SMR management approach by up to 86.69% in terms of read/write performance.
- Abutalib Aghayev and Peter Desnoyers. 2015. Skylight—A window on shingled disk operation. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST’15). 135--149. https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast15/technical-sessions/presentation/aghayev.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Y. Cassuto, M. A. A. Sanvido, C. Guyot, D. R. Hall, and Z. Z. Bandic. 2010. Indirection systems for shingled-recording disk drives. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 26th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST’10). 1--14.Google Scholar
- Li-Pin Chang. 2008. Hybrid solid-state disks: Combining heterogeneous NAND flash in large SSDs. In Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- R. Chen, Z. Qin, Y. Wang, D. Liu, Z. Shao, and Y. Guan. 2015. On-demand block-level address mapping in large-scale NAND flash storage systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, 6 (June 2015), 1729--1741. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2014.2329680Google Scholar
- S. Chen, T. Chen, Y. Chang, H. Wei, and W. Shih. 2018. Enabling union page cache to boost file access performance of NVRAM-based storage device. In Proceedings of the 2018 55th ACM/ESDA/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC’18). 1--6.Google Scholar
- Shuo-Han Chen, Yong-Ching Lin, Yuan-Hao Chang, Ming-Chang Yang, Tseng-Yi Chen, Hsin-Wen Wei, and Wei-Kuan Shih. 2019. A new sequential-write-constrained cache management to mitigate write amplification for SMR drives. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Western Digital. n.d. Ultrastar DC HC600 SMR Series. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://www.westerndigital.com/products/data-center-drives/ultrastar-dc-hc600-series-hdd.Google Scholar
- Amir Ban. 1995. Flash file system. U.S. 5404485 A.Google Scholar
- Greg Ganger, John Griffin, John Bucy, Jiri Schindler, and Steve Schlosser. n.d. DiskSim. Retrieved April 1, 2019 from http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/DiskSim/index.shtml.Google Scholar
- Aayush Gupta, Youngjae Kim, and Bhuvan Urgaonkar. 2009. DFTL: A flash translation layer employing demand-based selective caching of page-level address mappings. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS XIV). ACM, New York, NY, 229--240. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/1508244.1508271Google Scholar
Digital Library
- D. Hall, J. H. Marcos, and J. D. Coker. 2012. Data handling algorithms for autonomous shingled magnetic recording HDDs. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48, 5 (May 2012), 1777--1781.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Weiping He and David H. C. Du. 2017. SMaRT: An approach to shingled magnetic recording translation. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST’17). 121--134. https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast17/technical-sessions/presentation/he.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- S. N. Jones, A. Amer, E. L. Miller, D. D. E. Long, R. Pitchumani, and C. R. Strong. 2015. Classifying data to reduce long term data movement in shingled write disks. In Proceedings of the 2015 31st Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST’15). 1--9.Google Scholar
- Saurabh Kadekodi, Swapnil Pimpale, and Garth A. Gibson. 2015. Caveat-Scriptor: Write anywhere shingled disks. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’15).Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Jawad B. Khan. 2013. Method to detect uncompressible data in mass storage device. US Patent US20130007346A1. https://www.google.com/patents/US20130007346.Google Scholar
- Chung-I. Lin, Dongchul Park, Weiping He, and David Hung-Chang Du. 2012. H-SWD: Incorporating hot data identification into shingled write disks. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems. 321--330.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- C. Ma, Z. Shen, L. Han, and Z. Shao. 2019. FC: Built-in flash-cache with fast cleaning for SMR storage. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS’19). 1--7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2019.8782438Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- C. Ma, Z. Shen, Y. Wang, and Z. Shao. 2018. Alleviating hot data write back effect for shingled magnetic recording storage systems. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 38, 12 (2018), 2243--2254. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2018.2878190Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Adam Manzanares, Noah Watkins, Cyril Guyot, Damien LeMoal, Carlos Maltzahn, and Zvonimr Bandic. 2016. ZEA, a data management approach for SMR. In Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’16).Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Dushyanth Narayanan, Austin Donnelly, and Antony Rowstron. 2008. Write off-loading: Practical power management for enterprise storage. In ACM Transactions on Storage4, 3 (2008), Article 10, 23 pages.Google Scholar
- Seagate. n.d. Archive HDD. Retrieved April 1, 2019 from https://www.seagate.com/support/enterprise-servers-storage/hard-disk-drives/archive-hdd/.Google Scholar
- Seagate. n.d. Cheetah 15K.5. Retrieved April 1, 2020 from https://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/support/disc/manuals/enterprise/cheetah/15K.5/SAS/100384784c.pdf.Google Scholar
- Seagate. 2017. Barracuda Data Sheet. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/docs/pdf/datasheet/disc/barracuda-ds1737-1-1111us.pdf.Google Scholar
- Seagate. n.d. Breaking Capacity Barriers With Seagate Shingled Magnetic Recording. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://www.seagate.com/tech-insights/breaking-areal-density-barriers-with-seagate-smr-master-ti/.Google Scholar
- Mansour Shafaei and Peter Desnoyers. 2017. Virtual guard: A track-based translation layer for shingled disks. In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’17).Google Scholar
- D. A. Thompson and J. S. Best. 2000. The future of magnetic data storage techology. IBM Journal of Research and Development 44, 3 (2000), 311--322.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Avishay Traeger, Erez Zadok, Nikolai Joukov, and Charles P. Wright. 2008. A nine year study of file system and storage benchmarking. In ACM Transactions on Storage 4, 2 (2008), Article 5.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Che-Wei Tsao, Chun-Yi Liu, Chien-Chung Ho, Tse-Yuan Wang, Po-Chun Huang, Yuan-Hao Chang, and Tei-Wei Kuo. 2015. Rethinking I/O request management over eMMC-based solid-state drives. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems (RACS’15).Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Yi Wang, Zhiwei Qin, Renhai Chen, Zili Shao, and Laurence T. Yang. 2016. An adaptive demand-based caching mechanism for NAND flash memory storage systems. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 22, 1 (Dec. 2016), Article 18, 22 pages. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2947658Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Fenggang Wu, Bingzhe Li, Zhichao Cao, Baoquan Zhang, Ming-Hong Yang, Hao Wen, and David H. C. Du. 2019. ZoneAlloy: Elastic data and space management for hybrid SMR drives. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’19). https://www.usenix.org/conference/hotstorage19/presentation/wu-fenggang.Google Scholar
- Xuchao Xie, Tianye Yang, Qiong Li, Dengping Wei, and Liquan Xiao. 2018. Duchy: Achieving both SSD durability and controllable SMR cleaning overhead in hybrid storage systems. In Proceedings of the 47th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP’18). ACM, New York, NY, Article 81, 9 pages. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3225058.3225067Google Scholar
Digital Library
Index Terms
DSTL: A Demand-Based Shingled Translation Layer for Enabling Adaptive Address Mapping on SMR Drives
Recommendations
SAC: A Co-Design Cache Algorithm for Emerging SMR-based High-Density Disks
ASPLOS '20: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating SystemsTo satisfy the huge storage capacity requirements of big data, the emerging high-density disks gradually adopt the Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) technique. However, the most serious challenge of SMR disks lies in their weak fine-grained random write ...
SMR Disks for Mass Storage Systems
MASCOTS '15: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication SystemsDisk drives have seen a dramatic increase in storage density over the last five decades, but to continue the growth seems difficult because of physical limitations. One promising approach to overcome the impending limit is shingled magnetic recording (...
H-SWD: Incorporating Hot Data Identification into Shingled Write Disks
MASCOTS '12: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication SystemsShingled write disk (SWD) is a magnetic hard disk drive that adopts the shingled magnetic recording (SMR) technology to overcome the areal density limit faced in conventional hard disk drives (HDDs). The SMR design enables SWDs to achieve two to three ...






Comments